<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">avk</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Архивъ внутренней медицины</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The Russian Archives of Internal Medicine</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2226-6704</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2411-6564</issn><publisher><publisher-name>“SINAPS” LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.20514/2226-6704-2021-11-6-447-456</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">avk-1336</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Сопоставление данных компьютерной томографии с исходами, клиническими и лабораторными характеристиками пациентов с COVID-19</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Association of Computer Tomography Features Of COVID-19 with Outcomes, Clinical and Laboratory Parameters</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4093-4639</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мелехов</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Melekhov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Константин Юрьевич Голубых</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kotor030@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сайфуллин</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sayfullin</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Петровичев</surname><given-names>В. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Petrovichev</surname><given-names>V. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Агаева</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Agaeva</surname><given-names>A. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Голубых</surname><given-names>К. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Golubykh</surname><given-names>K. Y.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Никитин</surname><given-names>И. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikitin</surname><given-names>I. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр «Лечебно-реабилитационный центр» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации; ФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Medical Research Center of Treatment and Rehabilitation; Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр «Лечебно-реабилитационный центр» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Medical Research Center of Treatment and Rehabilitation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>29</day><month>11</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>11</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>447</fpage><lpage>456</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Мелехов А.В., Сайфуллин М.А., Петровичев В.С., Агаева А.И., Голубых К.Ю., Никитин И.Г., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Мелехов А.В., Сайфуллин М.А., Петровичев В.С., Агаева А.И., Голубых К.Ю., Никитин И.Г.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Melekhov A.V., Sayfullin M.A., Petrovichev V.S., Agaeva A.I., Golubykh K.Y., Nikitin I.G.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.medarhive.ru/jour/article/view/1336">https://www.medarhive.ru/jour/article/view/1336</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель: сопоставить данные компьютерной томографии (КТ) с исходами, клиническими и лабораторными данными пациентов с коронавирусной инфекцией. Материалы и методы: ретроспективный анализ результатов 962 КТ исследований органов грудной клетки, клинических и лабораторных данных всех 354 пациентов, проходивших лечение от COVID-19 во ФГАУ «Лечебно-реабилитационный центр» Минздрава России с апреля по июнь 2020г. Результаты: Чувствительность и специфичность КТ при верификации диагноза с помощью полимеразной цепной реакции (ПЦР) составили: 98,0 % и 5,7 % соответственно; для ПЦР при верификации с помощью КТ: 54,6 % и 70,7 % соответственно. У пациентов с положительными и отрицательными результатами ПЦР тяжесть поражения легких и вероятность COVID-19 по системе CORADS статистически значимо не отличались (р=0.05). Кумулятивная выживаемость пациентов была лучше при меньшем объеме поражения легких (статистическая значимость достигалась на пике заболевания (р=0.05), но не в момент госпитализации (р=0.05)). У умерших (n=15) и выживших (n=339) пациентов градация поражения легких по данным КТ изменялась соответственно с 2 (1,5-3) до 4 (4-4), р=0,001 и с 2 (1-2) до 2 (1-2), р &lt;0,001. Меньший объем поражения легочной ткани и лучшая кумулятивная выживаемость наблюдалась у женщин, пациентов младше медианы возраста (59 лет), с суммой баллов NEWS &lt;3, без фибрилляции предсердий. Сахарный диабет и ожирение, не влияя на выживаемость, были ассоциированы с большей тяжестью поражения легких. Другие сопутствующие заболевания не были связаны с тяжестью поражения легочной ткани. Наличие хронической обструктивной болезни легких, ишемической болезни сердца и хронической сердечной недостаточности статистически значимо ухудшало прогноз. Заключение: КТ существенно улучшает точность диагностики COVID-19 в условиях недостаточной чувствительности молекулярно-биологических тестов и оценку прогноза пациентов.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Aim: to assess the results of chest computer tomography (CT) of patients with novel coronavirus infection in correspondence with their outcomes, clinical and laboratory data. Methods: retrospective analysis of 962 chest CT scans, outcomes, clinical and laboratory data of all 354 COVID-19 patients hospitalized from April to June 2020. Results: Sensitivity and specificity of CT with polimerase chain reaction (PCR) as a reference were: 98.0 % and 5.7 % respectively; for PCR with CT as a reference: 54.6 % and 70.7 % respectively. Patients with positive and negative PCR tests had no significant differences in mean CT score and CO-RADS score. Cumulative survival was better in patients with lower CT score (significant only for maximal, not baseline scores). CT score changed during hospitalization in survived patients clinically insignificant (from 2 (1-2) to 2 (1-2), p=0.001), and increased in dead (from 2 (1,5-3) to 4 (4-4), p &lt;0.001). Lower CT score and better survival was in females, patient younger than 59 years, with NEWS score &lt;3, without atrial fibrillation. Diabetes mellitus and obesity was associated with higher CT score, but not with survival. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, coronary heart disease and chronic heart failure was associated with lower survival, but not CT score. Conclusion: chest CT significantly increases diagnostic accuracy and assessment of the prognosis in COVID-19 patients.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>коронавирусная пневмония</kwd><kwd>компьютерная томография</kwd><kwd>полимеразная цепная реакция</kwd><kwd>чувствительность</kwd><kwd>специфичность</kwd><kwd>NEWS</kwd><kwd>прогноз</kwd><kwd>коморбидность</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>coronavirus pneumonia</kwd><kwd>computer tomography</kwd><kwd>polymerase chain reaction</kwd><kwd>sensitivity</kwd><kwd>specificity</kwd><kwd>NEWS</kwd><kwd>prognosis</kwd><kwd>comorbidities</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pan Y, Guan H, Zhou S, et al. Initial CT findings and temporal changes in patients with the novel coronavirus pneumonia (2019-nCoV): a study of 63 patients in Wuhan, China. Eur Radiol. 2020 Jun;30(6):3306-3309. doi: 10.1007/s00330-020-06731-x. Epub 2020 Feb 13. PMID: 32055945; PMCID: PMC7087663.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pan Y, Guan H, Zhou S, et al. Initial CT findings and temporal changes in patients with the novel coronavirus pneumonia (2019-nCoV): a study of 63 patients in Wuhan, China. Eur Radiol. 2020 Jun;30(6):3306-3309. doi: 10.1007/s00330-020-06731-x. Epub 2020 Feb 13. PMID: 32055945; PMCID: PMC7087663.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bao C, Liu X, Zhang H et al. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) CT Findings: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J Am Coll Radiol. 2020 Jun; 17(6): 701-709. doi: 10.1016/j.jacr.2020.03.006. Epub 2020 Mar 25. PMID: 32283052; PMCID: PMC7151282.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bao C, Liu X, Zhang H et al. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) CT Findings: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J Am Coll Radiol. 2020 Jun; 17(6): 701-709. doi: 10.1016/j.jacr.2020.03.006. Epub 2020 Mar 25. PMID: 32283052; PMCID: PMC7151282.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Prokop M, van Everdingen W, van Rees Vellinga et al. COVID-19 Standardized Reporting Working Group of the Dutch Radiological Society. CO-RADS: A Categorical CT Assessment Scheme for Patients Suspected of Having COVID-19-Definition and Evaluation. Radiology. 2020 Aug; 296(2): E97-E104. doi: 10.1148/radiol.2020201473. Epub 2020 Apr 27. PMID: 32339082; PMCID: PMC7233402.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Prokop M, van Everdingen W, van Rees Vellinga et al. COVID-19 Standardized Reporting Working Group of the Dutch Radiological Society. CO-RADS: A Categorical CT Assessment Scheme for Patients Suspected of Having COVID-19-Definition and Evaluation. Radiology. 2020 Aug; 296(2): E97-E104. doi: 10.1148/radiol.2020201473. Epub 2020 Apr 27. PMID: 32339082; PMCID: PMC7233402.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Зельтер П.М., Колсанов А.В., Чаплыгин С.С. и др. Компьютерная томография с применением автоматического количественного анализа у пациентов с пневмонией, вызванной COVID-19. Norwegian Journal of Development of the International Science. 2020; 51: 2. DOI: 10.24412/3453-9875-2020-51-2-30-35</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zelt er P., Kolsanov A., Chaplygin S et al. Computed Tomography with Automatic Quantitation in Patients with Pneumonia Caused by Covid-19. Norwegian Journal of Development of the International Science. 2020; 51: 2. DOI: 10.24412/3453-9875-2020-51-2-30-35. [In Russian]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Устюжанин Д.В., Белькинд М.Б., Гаман С.А. и др. КТ-картина коронавирусной болезни: результаты по итогам работы Covid-центра на базе НМИЦ кардиологии. Российский электронный журнал лучевой диагностики. 2020; 10(2):27-38. DOI:10.21569/2222-7415-2020-10-2-27-38.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ustyuzhanin D., Belkind M., Gaman S. et al. Ct findings of coronavirus disease: results by experience of the covid-center in the national medical research center of cardiology. REJR 2020; 10(2):27-38. DOI:10.21569/2222-7415-2020-10-2-27-38. [In Russian]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Петриков С.С., Попова И.Е., Муслимов Р.Ш. и др. Возможности компьютерной томографии в оценке степени поражения легких у пациентов COVID-19 в условиях динамического наблюдения. Российский электронный журнал лучевой диагностики. 2020; 10(2):14-26. DOI:10.21569/2222-7415-2020-10-2-14-26</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Petrikov S.S., Popova I.E., Muslimov R.Sh. et al. Computer tomography in assessing and monitoring the degree of lung ingury due to COVID-19. REJR. 2020; 10(2):14-26. DOI:10.21569/2222-7415-2020-10-2-14-26. [In Russian]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Морозов С.П., Гомболевский В.А., Чернина В.Ю. и др. Прогнозирование летальных исходов при COVID-19 по данным компьютерной томографии органов грудной клетки. Туберкулез и болезни легких. 2020; 98(6): 7-14. https://doi.org/10.21292/2075-1230-2020-98-6-7-14</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Morozov S.P., Gombolevskiy V.A., Cherninа V.Yu. et al. Prediction of lethal outcomes in COVID-19 cases based on the results chest computed tomography. Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases. 2020; 98(6): 7-14. https://doi.org/10.21292/2075-1230-2020-98-6-7-14. [In Russian]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бойцов С.А., Погосова Н.В., Палеев Ф.Н., и др. Клиническая картина и факторы, ассоциированные с неблагоприятными исходами у госпитализированных пациентов с новой коронавирусной инфекцией COVID-19. Кардиология. 2021; 61(2): 4-14. https://doi.org/10.18087/cardio.2021.2.n1532.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Boytsov S.A., Pogosova N.V., Paleev F.N. et al. Clinical Characteristics and Factors Associated with Poor Outcomes in Hospitalized Patients with Novel Coronavirus Infection COVID-19. Kardiologiia. 2021; 61(2): 4-14. https://doi.org/10.18087/cardio.2021.2.n1532. [In Russian]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Паршин В.В., Бережная Э.Э., Кецкало М.В. и др. Компьютерно-томографическая семиотика, объем поражения легких и морфологические сопоставления у больных пневмонией (COVID-19) тяжелой и крайне тяжелой степени. Радиология — практика. 2021; (1): 34-51.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">V.V. Parshin, E.E. Berezhnaia, M.V. Ketskalo et al. The Computer-Tomographic Semiotics, Volume of Lung Damage and Morphological Comparisons in Patients with Severe and Extremely Severe Coronavirus Pneumonia (COVID-19). Radiology-practice 2021; (1): 34-51. [In Russian]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кармазановский Г.Г., Замятина К.А., Сташкив В.И. и др. Компьютерно-томографическая диагностика и мониторинг течения вирусной пневмонии, обусловленной вирусом SARS-CoV-2, при работе “Госпиталя COVID-19” на базе Федерального специализированного медицинского научного центра. Медицинская визуализация. 2020; 24(2): 11-36. https://doi.org/10.24835/1607-0763-2020-2-11-36</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kаrmаzаnovsky G.G., Zamyatina K.A., Stashkiv V.I. et al. CT diagnostics and monitoring of the course of viral pneumonia caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus during the work of the “COVID-19 Hospital”, based on the Federal Specialized Medical Scientific Center. Medical Visualization.2020;24(2):11-36. https://doi.org/10.24835/1607-0763-2020-2-11-36. [In Russian]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Корб Т.А., Гаврилов П.В., Чернина В.Ю. и др. Специфичность компьютерной томографии органов грудной клетки при пневмонии, ассоциированной с COVID-19: ретроспективное исследование. Альманах клинической медицины. 2021; 49(1): 1-10. https://doi.org/10.18786/2072-0505-2021-49-001https://doi.org/10.18786/2072-0505-2021-49-001.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Korb T.A., Gavrilov P.V., Chernina V.Yu. et al. Specificity of chest computed tomography in COVID-19-associated pneumonia: a retrospective study. Almanac of Clinical Medicine. 2021; 49(1): 1-10. https://doi.org/10.18786/2072-0505-2021-49-001https://doi.org/10.18786/2072-0505-2021-49-001. [In Russian]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ai T, Yang Z, Hou H et al. Correlation of Chest CT and RT-PCR Testing for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China: A Report of 1014 Cases. Radiology. 2020 Aug; 296(2):E32-E40. doi: 10.1148/radiol.2020200642.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ai T, Yang Z, Hou H et al. Correlation of Chest CT and RT-PCR Testing for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China: A Report of 1014 Cases. Radiology. 2020 Aug; 296(2):E32-E40. doi: 10.1148/radiol.2020200642.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Long C, Xu H, Shen Q et al. Diagnosis of the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19): rRT-PCR or CT? Eur J Radiol. 2020 May; 126: 108961. doi: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2020.108961.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Long C, Xu H, Shen Q et al. Diagnosis of the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19): rRT-PCR or CT? Eur J Radiol. 2020 May; 126: 108961. doi: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2020.108961.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bai HX, Hsieh B, Xiong Z et al. Performance of Radiologists in Differentiating COVID-19 from Non-COVID-19 Viral Pneumonia at Chest CT. Radiology. 2020 Aug; 296(2):E46-E54. doi: 10.1148/radiol.2020200823.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bai HX, Hsieh B, Xiong Z et al. Performance of Radiologists in Differentiating COVID-19 from Non-COVID-19 Viral Pneumonia at Chest CT. Radiology. 2020 Aug; 296(2):E46-E54. doi: 10.1148/radiol.2020200823.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fang Y, Zhang H, Xie J et al. Sensitivity of Chest CT for COVID-19: Comparison to RT-PCR. Radiology. 2020 Aug; 296(2):E115-E117. doi: 10.1148/radiol.2020200432.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fang Y, Zhang H, Xie J et al. Sensitivity of Chest CT for COVID-19: Comparison to RT-PCR. Radiology. 2020 Aug; 296(2):E115-E117. doi: 10.1148/radiol.2020200432.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mirahmadizadeh A, Pourmontaseri Z, Afrashteh S et al. Sensitivity and specificity of chest computed tomography scan based on RTPCR in COVID-19 diagnosis. Pol J Radiol. 2021 Jan 27; 86:e74-e77. doi: 10.5114/pjr.2021.103858.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mirahmadizadeh A, Pourmontaseri Z, Afrashteh S et al. Sensitivity and specificity of chest computed tomography scan based on RTPCR in COVID-19 diagnosis. Pol J Radiol. 2021 Jan 27; 86:e74-e77. doi: 10.5114/pjr.2021.103858.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">He JL, Luo L, Luo ZD et al. Diagnostic performance between CT and initial real-time RT-PCR for clinically suspected 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) patients outside Wuhan, China. Respir Med. 2020; 168: 105980. doi: 10.1016/j.rmed.2020.105980.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">He JL, Luo L, Luo ZD et al. Diagnostic performance between CT and initial real-time RT-PCR for clinically suspected 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) patients outside Wuhan, China. Respir Med. 2020; 168: 105980. doi: 10.1016/j.rmed.2020.105980.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Duarte ML, Santos LRD, Contenças ACS et al. Reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction versus chest computed tomography for detecting early symptoms of COVID-19. A diagnostic accuracy systematic review and meta-analysis. Sao Paulo Med J. 2020 Sep-Oct; 138(5): 422-432. doi: 10.1590/1516-3180.2020.034306072020.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Duarte ML, Santos LRD, Contenças ACS et al. Reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction versus chest computed tomography for detecting early symptoms of COVID-19. A diagnostic accuracy systematic review and meta-analysis. Sao Paulo Med J. 2020 Sep-Oct; 138(5): 422-432. doi: 10.1590/1516-3180.2020.034306072020.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Herpe G, Lederlin M, Naudin M et al. Efficacy of Chest CT for COVID-19 Pneumonia Diagnosis in France. Radiology. 2021 Feb; 298(2):E81-E87. doi: 10.1148/radiol.2020202568.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Herpe G, Lederlin M, Naudin M et al. Efficacy of Chest CT for COVID-19 Pneumonia Diagnosis in France. Radiology. 2021 Feb; 298(2):E81-E87. doi: 10.1148/radiol.2020202568.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Caruso D, Zerunian M, Polici M et al. Chest CT Features of COVID-19 in Rome, Italy. Radiology. 2020 Aug; 296(2):E79-E85. doi: 10.1148/radiol.2020201237.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Caruso D, Zerunian M, Polici M et al. Chest CT Features of COVID-19 in Rome, Italy. Radiology. 2020 Aug; 296(2):E79-E85. doi: 10.1148/radiol.2020201237.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wong HYF, Lam HYS, Fong AH et al. Frequency and Distribution of Chest Radiographic Findings in Patients Positive for COVID-19. Radiology. 2020 Aug; 296(2):E72-E78. doi: 10.1148/radiol.2020201160.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wong HYF, Lam HYS, Fong AH et al. Frequency and Distribution of Chest Radiographic Findings in Patients Positive for COVID-19. Radiology. 2020 Aug; 296(2):E72-E78. doi: 10.1148/radiol.2020201160.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Covino M, Sandroni C, Santoro M et al. Predicting intensive care unit admission and death for COVID-19 patients in the emergency department using early warning scores. Resuscitation. 2020 Nov; 156: 84-91. doi: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2020.08.124.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Covino M, Sandroni C, Santoro M et al. Predicting intensive care unit admission and death for COVID-19 patients in the emergency department using early warning scores. Resuscitation. 2020 Nov; 156: 84-91. doi: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2020.08.124.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pan F, Ye T, Sun P et al. Time Course of Lung Changes at Chest CT during Recovery from Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Radiology. 2020 Jun; 295(3): 715-721. doi: 10.1148/radiol.2020200370.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pan F, Ye T, Sun P et al. Time Course of Lung Changes at Chest CT during Recovery from Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Radiology. 2020 Jun; 295(3): 715-721. doi: 10.1148/radiol.2020200370.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Li M, Lei P, Zeng B, et al. Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): Spectrum of CT Findings and Temporal Progression of the Disease. Acad Radiol. 2020; 27(5): 603-608. doi:10.1016/j.acra.2020.03.003</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Li M, Lei P, Zeng B, et al. Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): Spectrum of CT Findings and Temporal Progression of the Disease. Acad Radiol. 2020; 27(5): 603-608. doi:10.1016/j.acra.2020.03.003</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mair MD, Hussain M, Siddiqui S et al. A systematic review and metaanalysis comparing the diagnostic accuracy of initial RT-PCR and CT scan in suspected COVID-19 patients. Br J Radiol. 2021 Mar 1; 94(1119): 20201039. doi: 10.1259/bjr.20201039.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mair MD, Hussain M, Siddiqui S et al. A systematic review and metaanalysis comparing the diagnostic accuracy of initial RT-PCR and CT scan in suspected COVID-19 patients. Br J Radiol. 2021 Mar 1; 94(1119): 20201039. doi: 10.1259/bjr.20201039.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fujioka T, Takahashi M, Mori M et al. Evaluation of the Usefulness of CO-RADS for Chest CT in Patients Suspected of Having COVID-19. Diagnostics (Basel). 2020 Aug 19; 10(9): 608. doi: 10.3390/diagnostics10090608.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fujioka T, Takahashi M, Mori M et al. Evaluation of the Usefulness of CO-RADS for Chest CT in Patients Suspected of Having COVID-19. Diagnostics (Basel). 2020 Aug 19; 10(9): 608. doi: 10.3390/diagnostics10090608.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">De Smet K, De Smet D, Ryckaert T et al. Diagnostic Performance of Chest CT for SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Individuals with or without COVID-19 Symptoms. Radiology. 2021 Jan; 298(1):E30-E37. doi: 10.1148/radiol.2020202708.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">De Smet K, De Smet D, Ryckaert T et al. Diagnostic Performance of Chest CT for SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Individuals with or without COVID-19 Symptoms. Radiology. 2021 Jan; 298(1):E30-E37. doi: 10.1148/radiol.2020202708.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zheng Y, Xiao A, Yu X, et al. Development and Validation of a Prognostic Nomogram Based on Clinical and CT Features for Adverse Outcome Prediction in Patients with COVID-19. Korean J Radiol. 2020; 21(8): 1007-1017. doi:10.3348/kjr.2020.0485</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zheng Y, Xiao A, Yu X, et al. Development and Validation of a Prognostic Nomogram Based on Clinical and CT Features for Adverse Outcome Prediction in Patients with COVID-19. Korean J Radiol. 2020; 21(8): 1007-1017. doi:10.3348/kjr.2020.0485</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Francone M, Iafrate F, Masci GM et al. Chest CT score in COVID-19 patients: correlation with disease severity and short-term prognosis. Eur Radiol. 2020 Dec; 30(12): 6808-6817. doi: 10.1007/s00330-020-07033-y.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Francone M, Iafrate F, Masci GM et al. Chest CT score in COVID-19 patients: correlation with disease severity and short-term prognosis. Eur Radiol. 2020 Dec; 30(12): 6808-6817. doi: 10.1007/s00330-020-07033-y.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhou S, Chen C, Hu Y et al. Chest CT imaging features and severity scores as biomarkers for prognostic prediction in patients with COVID-19. Ann Transl Med. 2020 Nov; 8(21): 1449. doi: 10.21037/atm-20-3421.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhou S, Chen C, Hu Y et al. Chest CT imaging features and severity scores as biomarkers for prognostic prediction in patients with COVID-19. Ann Transl Med. 2020 Nov; 8(21): 1449. doi: 10.21037/atm-20-3421.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wu Q, Wang S, Li L, et al. Radiomics Analysis of Computed Tomography helps predict poor prognostic outcome in COVID-19. Theranostics. 2020; 10(16): 7231-7244. doi:10.7150/thno.46428</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wu Q, Wang S, Li L, et al. Radiomics Analysis of Computed Tomography helps predict poor prognostic outcome in COVID-19. Theranostics. 2020; 10(16): 7231-7244. doi:10.7150/thno.46428</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Liu F, Zhang Q, Huang C et al. CT quantification of pneumonia lesions in early days predicts progression to severe illness in a cohort of COVID-19 patients. Theranostics. 2020 Apr 27; 10(12): 5613-5622. doi: 10.7150/thno.45985.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Liu F, Zhang Q, Huang C et al. CT quantification of pneumonia lesions in early days predicts progression to severe illness in a cohort of COVID-19 patients. Theranostics. 2020 Apr 27; 10(12): 5613-5622. doi: 10.7150/thno.45985.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Leger T, Jacquier A, Barral PA et al. Low-dose chest CT for diagnosing and assessing the extent of lung involvement of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia using a semi quantitative score. PLoS One. 2020 Nov 3; 15(11):e0241407. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241407.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Leger T, Jacquier A, Barral PA et al. Low-dose chest CT for diagnosing and assessing the extent of lung involvement of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia using a semi quantitative score. PLoS One. 2020 Nov 3; 15(11):e0241407. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241407.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Guan WJ, Liang WH, Zhao Y, et al. Comorbidity and its impact on 1590 patients with COVID-19 in China: a nationwide analysis. Eur Respir J. 2020; 55(5):2000547. Published 2020 May 14. doi:10.1183/13993003.00547-2020</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Guan WJ, Liang WH, Zhao Y, et al. Comorbidity and its impact on 1590 patients with COVID-19 in China: a nationwide analysis. Eur Respir J. 2020; 55(5):2000547. Published 2020 May 14. doi:10.1183/13993003.00547-2020</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Percivale I, Danna PSC, Falaschi Z et al. Men and women affected by Sars-CoV-2 pneumonia: same CT features but different outcome. Clin Radiol. 2021 Mar; 76(3): 235.e25-235.e34. doi: 10.1016/j.crad.2020.11.119.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Percivale I, Danna PSC, Falaschi Z et al. Men and women affected by Sars-CoV-2 pneumonia: same CT features but different outcome. Clin Radiol. 2021 Mar; 76(3): 235.e25-235.e34. doi: 10.1016/j.crad.2020.11.119.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Saeed GA, Gaba W, Shah A et al. Correlation between Chest CT Severity Scores and the Clinical Parameters of Adult Patients with COVID-19 Pneumonia. Radiol Res Pract. 2021 Jan 6; 2021: 6697677. doi: 10.1155/2021/6697677.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Saeed GA, Gaba W, Shah A et al. Correlation between Chest CT Severity Scores and the Clinical Parameters of Adult Patients with COVID-19 Pneumonia. Radiol Res Pract. 2021 Jan 6; 2021: 6697677. doi: 10.1155/2021/6697677.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sun Y, Zhao R, Hu Z et al. Differences in the Clinical and Hematological Characteristics of COVID-19 Patients with and without Type 2 Diabetes. J Diabetes Res. 2020 Dec 2; 2020: 1038585. doi: 10.1155/2020/1038585.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sun Y, Zhao R, Hu Z et al. Differences in the Clinical and Hematological Characteristics of COVID-19 Patients with and without Type 2 Diabetes. J Diabetes Res. 2020 Dec 2; 2020: 1038585. doi: 10.1155/2020/1038585.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
