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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">avk</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Архивъ внутренней медицины</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The Russian Archives of Internal Medicine</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2226-6704</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2411-6564</issn><publisher><publisher-name>“SINAPS” LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.20514/2226-6704-2022-12-1-62-71</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">avk-1377</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Тренировка дыхательной мускулатуры в комплексном лечении пациентов с острой декомпенсацией сердечной недостаточности</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Respiratory Muscles Training in the Complex Treatment of Patients with Acute  Decompensated Heart Failure</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4307-1522</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ватутин</surname><given-names>Н. Т.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vatutin</surname><given-names>N. T.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Донецк</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Donetsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6192-2576</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шевелёк</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shevelyok</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Донецк</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Donetsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Склянная</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sklyannaya</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Донецк</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Donetsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4431-6667</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Линник</surname><given-names>И. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Linnik</surname><given-names>I. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Илона Григорьевна Линник</p><p>Донецк</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ilona G. Linnik</p><p>Donetsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Харченко</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kharchenko</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Донецк</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Donetsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГОО ВПО «Донецкий национальный медицинский университет им. М. Горького», кафедра госпитальной терапии; Институт неотложной и восстановительной хирургии им. В. К. Гусака</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>GOU VPO «M. Gorky Donetsk National Medical University», department of hospital therapy; V. K. Gusak Institute of Urgent and Reconstructive Surgery</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГОО ВПО «Донецкий национальный медицинский университет им. М. Горького», кафедра госпитальной терапии</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>GOU VPO «M. Gorky Donetsk National Medical University», department of hospital therapy</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>01</day><month>02</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>62</fpage><lpage>71</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ватутин Н.Т., Шевелёк А.Н., Склянная Е.В., Линник И.Г., Харченко А.В., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ватутин Н.Т., Шевелёк А.Н., Склянная Е.В., Линник И.Г., Харченко А.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Vatutin N.T., Shevelyok A.N., Sklyannaya E.V., Linnik I.G., Kharchenko A.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.medarhive.ru/jour/article/view/1377">https://www.medarhive.ru/jour/article/view/1377</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель: оценить эффективность тренировки дыхательной мускулатуры в комплексном лечении пациентов с острой декомпенсацией сердечной недостаточности. Материал и методы. В проспективное рандомизированное исследование были включены 120 пациентов (71 мужчина и 49 женщин, средний возраст 73,6±5,8лет), госпитализированных с острой декомпенсацией сердечной недостаточности. Основными критериями исключения были: необходимость лечения в условиях отделения интенсивной терапии; гемодинамическая нестабильность; тяжелая бронхопульмональная и другая сопутствующая патология. После прохождения процедур исходного обследования все пациенты были рандомизированы в группу дыхательной гимнастики, выполняемой в дополнение к стандартной медикаментозной терапии (основная группа, n=60) либо в группу только стандартной медикаментозной терапии (контрольная группа, n=60). Пациенты основной группы были обучены технике полного йоговского дыхания, состоящего из трех последовательных фаз: брюшного, грудного и ключичного. Участники практиковали полное дыхание ежедневно не менее 3 раз в день по 10 минут под наблюдением инструктора. Первичной конечной точкой исследования было изменение выраженности одышки согласно модифицированной шкале Борга (в модификации Мареева В.Ю.) на 7-й день лечения. Результаты. На фоне лечения у пациентов обеих групп значимо уменьшилась выраженность одышки, в большей степени в группе дыхательной гимнастики (с 6 (5; 6) до 3 (2; 3)) баллов) по сравнению с контрольной (с 6 (5; 6) до 4 (3; 4), р &lt;0,05). Значимые различия между группами были получены и по вторичным переменным эффективности: дистанции теста с шестиминутной ходьбой, частоте сердечных сокращений и дыхания в покое, насыщению крови кислородом (р &gt;&lt;0,05). У пациентов, выполнявших дыхательную гимнастику, масса тела снижалась быстрее (0,72±0,06 кг/сут против 0,53±0,06 кг/сут, p &gt;&lt;0,001), хотя объемы выделенной жидкости между группами не различались. В среднем в основной группе влажные хрипы в легких были купированы к шестому дню от момента госпитализации (интерквартильный интервал 5-7 дней), а в контрольной — к восьмому (интерквартильный интервал 7-9 дней), p=0,024. Продолжительность активной фазы диуретической терапии и среднесуточные дозы диуретиков были ниже в основной группе по сравнению с контрольной (р &gt;&lt;0,05). За время госпитализации в обеих группах больных наблюдалось заметное улучшение качества жизни, однако степень его была более выражена у пациентов, практикующих полное дыхание (р &gt;&lt;0,01). Госпитальная летальность и частота переводов в отделение интенсивной терапии не различались между группами. Средние сроки госпитализации у выживших пациентов оказались значимо меньше в основной группе, чем в контрольной (14,2±2,5 против 17,3±2,9, p &gt;&lt;0,001). &gt;Заключение. Тренировка дыхательной мускулатуры с помощью полного йоговского дыхания в дополнение к стандартной медикаментозной терапии пациентов с острой декомпенсацией сердечной недостаточности приводит к более значимому уменьшению выраженности одышки, увеличению толерантности к физической нагрузке, улучшению насыщения крови кислородом и снижению потребности в диуретиках. Применение полного дыхания ассоциируется с заметным улучшением качества жизни пациентов, более быстрым достижением компенсации и уменьшением сроков пребывания в стационаре, однако не приводит к улучшению госпитальных исходов заболевания.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The aim: to evaluate the efficacy of respiratory muscles training in the complex treatment of patients with acute decompensated heart failure. Material and methods. A prospective randomized study included 120 patients (71 men and 49 women, mean age 73,6±5,8 years) hospitalized with acute decompensated heart failure. The main exclusion criteria were: requirement for treatment in intensive care unit; hemodynamic instability; severe pulmonary and other concomitant pathology. After initial procedures all patients were randomized to breathing exercises performed in addition to standard therapy (main group, n=60) or to standard therapy only (control group, n=60). Patients of the main group were trained in the technique of complete yogic breathing, which consists of three successive phases: abdominal, thoracic and clavicular. The participants practiced full breathing daily at least 3 times a day for 10 minutes under the supervision of instructor. The primary endpoint of the study was the change in dyspnea according to the modified Borg scale (modified by V.Yu. Mareev) on the 7th day of treatment. Results. During treatment the severity of dyspnea decreased in both groups, more significantly in the main group (from 6 (5; 6) to 3 (2; 3) points) compared to control (from 6 (5; 6) to 4 (3; 4) points, p &lt;0,05). Significant differences between the groups were also obtained for the secondary variables of efficacy: six-minute walk distance, heart rate and breathing rate at rest, blood oxygen saturation (p &gt;&lt;0,05). In patients who performed breathing exercises, body weight decreased faster (0,72±0,06 kg/day versus 0,53±0,06 kg/day, p &gt;&lt;0,001), although the volumes of excreted fluid did not differ between the groups. In the main group moist rales in the lungs were stopped by the sixth day of hospitalization (interquartile range of 5-7 days), and in the control group — by the eighth (interquartile range of 7-9 days), p=0,024. The duration of active diuretic phase and the average daily doses of diuretics were lower in main group compared to control (p &gt;&lt;0,05). During hospitalization quality of life improved in both groups, more significantly in respiratory muscles training group (p &gt;&lt;0,01). In-hospital mortality and the rate of transfers to the intensive care unit did not differ between groups. The average hospital stay in surviving patients was significantly shorter in main group than in control (14,2±2,5 versus 17,3±2,9 days, p &gt;&lt;0,001). &gt;Conclusion. Respiratory muscles training with full yogic breathing in addition to standard medical therapy for patients with acute decompensated heart failure leads to a more significant reduction in the severity dyspnea, increased exercise tolerance, improved blood oxygen saturation, and reduced need for diuretics. The use of full breathing is associated with significant improvement in the quality of life and decrease in the length of hospital stay, but does not lead to improvement in hospital outcomes.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>хроническая сердечная недостаточность</kwd><kwd>декомпенсация</kwd><kwd>полное йоговское дыхание</kwd><kwd>одышка</kwd><kwd>качество жизни</kwd><kwd>диуретики</kwd><kwd>сроки госпитализации</kwd><kwd>летальность</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>chronic heart failure</kwd><kwd>decompensation</kwd><kwd>full yogic breathing</kwd><kwd>dyspnea</kwd><kwd>quality of life</kwd><kwd>diuretics</kwd><kwd>duration of hospitalization</kwd><kwd>mortality</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chaudhry S-P., Stewart G.C. Advanced Heart Failure: Prevalence, Natural History, and Prognosis. 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