avkАрхивъ внутренней медициныThe Russian Archives of Internal Medicine2226-67042411-6564“SINAPS” LLC10.20514/2226-6704-2021-12-2-104-112avk-1402Research ArticleОБЗОРНЫЕ СТАТЬИREVIEW ARTICLESХроническая болезнь почек и злокачественные новообразования: современное состояние проблемыChronic Kidney Disease and Malignant Neoplasms: The Current State of the Problemhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8513-9279МуркамиловИ. Т.MurkamilovI. T.

Бишкек

Bishkek

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8387-5800СабировИ. С.SabirovI. S.

Бишкек

Bishkek

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2682-4417ФоминВ. В.FominV. V.

Москва

Moscow

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7653-0433МуркамиловаЖ. А.MurkamilovaZh. A.

Бишкек

Bishkek

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3007-8127КудайбергеноваИ. О.KudaibergenovaI. O.

Бишкек

Bishkek

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0632-6653ЮсуповФ. А.YusupovF. A.

Ош

Osh 

Кыргызская государственная медицинская академия имени И.К. Ахунбаева; ГОУ ВПО Кыргызско-Российский славянский университетКыргызстанI.K. Akhunbaev Kyrgyz State Medical Academy; SEI HPE Kyrgyz Russian Slavic UniversityKyrgyzstanГОУ ВПО Кыргызско-Российский славянский университетКыргызстанSEI HPE Kyrgyz Russian Slavic UniversityKyrgyzstanФГАОУ ВО Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова (Сеченовский Университет)РоссияFSAEI HE First Moscow State Medical University named after I.M. Sechenov (Sechenov University)Russian FederationКыргызская государственная медицинская академия имени И.К. АхунбаеваКыргызстанI.K. Akhunbaev Kyrgyz State Medical AcademyKyrgyzstanОшский государственный университетКыргызстанOsh State UniversityKyrgyzstan202228032022122104112Copyright © Муркамилов И.Т., Сабиров И.С., Фомин В.В., Муркамилова Ж.А., Кудайбергенова И.О., Юсупов Ф.А., 20222022Муркамилов И.Т., Сабиров И.С., Фомин В.В., Муркамилова Ж.А., Кудайбергенова И.О., Юсупов Ф.А.Murkamilov I.T., Sabirov I.S., Fomin V.V., Murkamilova Z.A., Kudaibergenova I.O., Yusupov F.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.medarhive.ru/jour/article/view/1402

Хроническая болезнь почек является фактором риска заболевания других органов. Больные с патологией почек имеют повышенный риск развития и смерти от сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний, кроме того есть также свидетельства того, что риск рака и смертность от рака могут быть увеличены у людей с хронической болезнью почек. Хроническая болезнь почек и злокачественные новообразования взаимосвязаны в обоих направлениях: рак может вызывать прямое поражение почечной ткани или косвенное через побочные эффекты лечения онкологического процесса. В свою очередь хроническая болезнь почек, наоборот, может быть фактором риска развития злокачественных новообразований. Кроме того, оба патологических процесса могут иметь общие факторы риска. Хроническая болезнь почек может возникнуть в результате применения химиотерапевтических средств. Многие из существующих и недавно разработанных химиотерапевтических агентов против рака нефротоксичны и могут способствовать дисфункции почек, которая часто проявляется на терминальных стадиях рака. На сегодняшний день терапевтические вмешательства в борьбе с прогрессирующим ростом онкологических заболеваний может ускорить развитие хронической болезни почек. В статье приводятся данные о взаимовлиянии хронической болезни почек и развития злокачественных новообразований. Рассмотрены нефрологические аспекты клинической картины онкологических заболеваний. Обсуждаются механизмы негативного влияния на почечную ткань противоопухолевых препаратов — цисплатина, ифосфамида, метотрексата и циклофосфамида. Учитывая связь между заболеванием почек и развитием, а также и лечением рака, в обзорной статье подчеркивается важность междисциплинарного сотрудничества между онкологами и нефрологами для прогнозирования и предотвращения нефротоксичных эффектов проводимой противоопухолевой химиотерапии, а по мере внедрения новых методов лечения злокачественных новообразований требуется надлежащая диагностика и лечение возникающих в ходе терапии новых почечных токсических эффектов.

Chronic kidney disease is a risk factor for other organ disease. People with kidney disease have an increased risk of developing and dying from cardiovascular disease, and there is also evidence that the risk of cancer and cancer mortality may be increased in people with chronic kidney disease. Chronic kidney disease and malignant neoplasms are interconnected in both directions: cancer can cause damage to the kidney tissue directly or indirectly through the side effects of cancer treatment. In turn, chronic kidney disease, on the contrary, can be a risk factor for the development of malignant neoplasms. In addition, both pathological processes can share common risk factors. Chronic kidney disease can result from the use of chemotherapy drugs. Many of the existing and recently developed cancer chemotherapeutic agents are nephrotoxic and can contribute to renal dysfunction, which often manifests itself in terminal cancer. To date, therapeutic interventions to combat the progressive growth of cancer can accelerate the progression of chronic kidney disease. The article provides data on the interaction of chronic kidney disease and the development of malignant neoplasms. The nephrological aspects of the clinical picture of oncological diseases are considered. The mechanisms of the negative effect on the renal tissue of anticancer drugs — cisplatin, ifosfamide, methotrexate and cyclophosphamide — are discussed. Given the link between kidney disease and the development and treatment of cancer, the review article highlights the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration between oncologists and nephrologists to predict and prevent nephrotoxic effects of cancer chemotherapy, and as new treatments for malignant neoplasms are introduced, proper diagnosis and treatment of emerging malignancies is required. new renal toxic effects.

хроническая болезнь почекзлокачественные новообразованиянефротоксичностьканцерогенное действие ле- карствцисплатинифосфамидметотрексатциклофосфамидchronic kidney diseasemalignant neoplasmsnephrotoxicitycarcinogenic effect of drugscisplatinifosfamidemethotrexate and cyclophosphamideReferencesJhaveri KD, Rosner MH. Cancer and Chronic Kidney Disease. Chronic Renal Disease. Academic Press, 2020.С. 899-917. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-815876-0.00055-3Jhaveri KD, Rosner MH. Cancer and Chronic Kidney Disease. Chronic Renal Disease. Academic Press, 2020.С. 899-917. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-815876-0.00055-3https://www.who.int/ru/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/cancerhttps://www.who.int/ru/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/cancerБакалец Н.Ф., Никифорова О.Л., Моисеенко О.И. Паранеопластические синдромы. Паллиативная помощь пациентам с онкологической патологией. Учебно-методическое пособие для студентов. Гомель: ГомГМУ. 2016; 116 с.Bakalets NF, Nikiforova OL, Moiseenko OI. Paraneoplasticheskie sindromy. Palliativnaya pomoshch' patsientam s onkologicheskoy patologiey. Ucheb-metod. posobie dlya studentov. (Paraneoplastic syndromes. Palliative care for patients with oncological pathology. Study guide for students.) Gomel: GomGMU. 2016; 116 р. (In Russ.)Есаян А.М., Аль-Шукри С., Мосоян М.С. Почечно-клеточный рак и хроническая болезнь почек: внимание к отдаленным неонкологическим исходам. Нефрология. 2012;16(4):94-99. https://doi.org/10.24884/1561-6274-2012-16-4-94-99Yesayan AM, Al-Shukri S, Mosoyan MS. Renal cell carcinoma and chronic kidney disease: attention to distant non-oncologic results. Nephrology (Saint-Petersburg). 2012;16(4):94-99. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.24884/1561-6274-2012-16-4-94-99Колина И.Б., Бобкова И.Н. Нефропатии при злокачественных новообразованиях (лекция). Альманах клинической медицины. 2014;(30):108-116. https://doi.org/10.18786/2072-0505-2014-30108-116Kolina IB, Bobkova IN. Nephropathies in malignant tumors (lecture). Almanac of Clinical Medicine. 2014;(30):108-116. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.18786/2072-0505-2014-30-108-116Garranzo-Asensio M, San Segundo-Acosta P, Povés C, et al. Identification of tumor-associated antigens with diagnostic ability of colorectal cancer by in-depth immunomic and seroproteomic analysis. Journal of Proteomics. 2020. С. 103635. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jprot.2020.103635Garranzo-Asensio M, San Segundo-Acosta P, Povés C, et al. Identification of tumor-associated antigens with diagnostic ability of colorectal cancer by in-depth immunomic and seroproteomic analysis. Journal of Proteomics. 2020. С. 103635. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jprot.2020.103635Komaki Y, Komaki F, Micic D, et al. Risk of Colorectal Cancer in Chronic Kidney Disease. Journal of clinical gastroenterology.2018;52:9:796-804. https://doi.org/10.1097/MCG.0000000000000880Komaki Y, Komaki F, Micic D, et al. Risk of Colorectal Cancer in Chronic Kidney Disease. Journal of clinical gastroenterology.2018;52:9:796-804. https://doi.org/10.1097/MCG.0000000000000880Vajdic CM, McDonald SP, McCredie MRE et al. Cancer incidence before and after kidney transplantation. JAMA.2006;296:2823–2831. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.296.23.2823Vajdic CM, McDonald SP, McCredie MRE et al. Cancer incidence before and after kidney transplantation. JAMA.2006;296:2823–2831. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.296.23.2823Cheung CY, Tang SCW. Oncology in nephrology comes of age: A focus on chronic dialysis patients.Nephrology.2019;24:4:380-386. https://doi.org/10.1111/nep.13525Cheung CY, Tang SCW. Oncology in nephrology comes of age: A focus on chronic dialysis patients.Nephrology.2019;24:4:380-386. https://doi.org/10.1111/nep.13525Sarasin FP, Wong JB, Levey AS, Meyer KB. Screening for acquired cystic kidney disease: A decision analytic perspective. Kidney Int. 1995;48:207–219. https://doi.org/10.1038/ki.1995.286Sarasin FP, Wong JB, Levey AS, Meyer KB. Screening for acquired cystic kidney disease: A decision analytic perspective. Kidney Int. 1995;48:207–219. https://doi.org/10.1038/ki.1995.286Leeaphorn N, Kue-A-Pai P, Thamcharoen N, et al. Prevalence of cancer in membranous nephropathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. American journal of nephrology.2014;40:1:29-35.https://doi.org/10.1159/000364782Leeaphorn N, Kue-A-Pai P, Thamcharoen N, et al. Prevalence of cancer in membranous nephropathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. American journal of nephrology.2014;40:1:29-35.https://doi.org/10.1159/000364782Heaf JG, Hansen A, Laier GH. Hypertensive nephropathy is associated with an increased risk of myeloma, skin, and renal cancer. The Journal of Clinical Hypertension.2019;21:6:786-791. https://doi.org/10.1111/jch.13565Heaf JG, Hansen A, Laier GH. Hypertensive nephropathy is associated with an increased risk of myeloma, skin, and renal cancer. The Journal of Clinical Hypertension.2019;21:6:786-791. https://doi.org/10.1111/jch.13565Ahn SY, Choi YJ, Han K, et al. Dipstick proteinuria and cancer incidence: a nationwide population-based study. Journal of Nephrology.2020. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40620-020-00740-1Ahn SY, Choi YJ, Han K, et al. Dipstick proteinuria and cancer incidence: a nationwide population-based study. Journal of Nephrology.2020. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40620-020-00740-1Jhaveri KD, Shah HH, Calderon K, et al. Glomerular diseases seen with cancer and chemotherapy: a narrative review. Kidney Int. 2013; 84(1):34–44. https://doi.org/org/10.1038/ki.2012.484Jhaveri KD, Shah HH, Calderon K, et al. Glomerular diseases seen with cancer and chemotherapy: a narrative review. Kidney Int. 2013; 84(1):34–44. https://doi.org/org/10.1038/ki.2012.484Ryu J, Ryu H, Kim S, et al. Comparison of cancer prevalence between patients with glomerulonephritis and the general population at the time of kidney biopsy. PloS one.2019;14:10. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0224024Ryu J, Ryu H, Kim S, et al. Comparison of cancer prevalence between patients with glomerulonephritis and the general population at the time of kidney biopsy. PloS one.2019;14:10. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0224024Целуйко В.Й., Радченко О.В. Сердечно-сосудистые заболевания у онкологических больных. Ліки України. Medicine of Ukraine.2018;3(219):7-20.Tseluyko VY, Radchenko OV. Cardiovascular diseases in cancer patients. Faces of Ukraine. Medicine of Ukraine. 2018;3(219):7-20. (In Russ.).Муркамилов И.Т., Айтбаев К.А., Кудайбергенова И.О., и др. Паранеопластические нефропатии: современный взгляд на проблему и возможности терапии. The scientific heritage.2020;57:15-27. https://doi.org/10.24412/9215-0365-2020-57-2-15-27Murkamilov IT, Aitbaev KA, Kudaibergenova IO, et al. Paraneoplastic nephropathies: a modern look on the problem and opportunities of therapy. The scientific heritage.2020;57:15-27. https://doi.org/10.24412/9215-0365-2020-57-2-15-27 (In Russ.).Ronco PM. Paraneoplastic glomerulopathies: new insights into an old entity. Kidney Int. 1999; 56 (1):355–377. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1755.1999.00548.xRonco PM. Paraneoplastic glomerulopathies: new insights into an old entity. Kidney Int. 1999; 56 (1):355–377. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1755.1999.00548.xЕ.М. Тареев и учение о нефрите (к 115-летию со дня рождения). Клиническая нефрология.2010;3:4-6.EM. Tareev and his nephrtitis doctrine (on 115-th anniversary birthday anniversary of EM. Tareev) (In Russ.)Galloway J. Remarks on Hodgkin’s disease. Br Med J.1922;2:12011208. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.2.3234.1201Galloway J. Remarks on Hodgkin’s disease. Br Med J.1922;2:12011208. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.2.3234.1201Lee JC, Yamauchi H, Hopper J., Jr The association of cancer and the nephrotic syndrome. Ann Intern Med.1966;64(1):41–51. https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-64-1-41Lee JC, Yamauchi H, Hopper J., Jr The association of cancer and the nephrotic syndrome. Ann Intern Med.1966;64(1):41–51. https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-64-1-41Краснова Т., Мухин Н., Козловская Л., и др. Паранеопластическая нефропатия. Врач. 2004;11:27-31.Krasnova T, Mukhin N, Kozlovskaya L, et al. Paraneoplastic nephropathy. Doctor. 2004; 11: 27-31. (In Russ.)Мухин Н.А., Козловская Л.В., Шилов Е.М., Мирошниченко Н.Г. Мембранозная нефропатия: как дифференцировать первичный и паранеопластический варианты? (круглый стол). Клиническая нефрология.2009;2:75-78.Mukhin NA, Kozlovskaya LV, Shilov EM, Miroshnichenko NG. Membranous nephropathy: how to differentiate primary and paraneoplastic variants? (discussion). Clinical Nephrology. 2009; 2: 75-78. (In Russ.).Козловская Л.В., Туганбекова С.К., Сейсембеков Т.З., и др. Паранеопластическое поражение почек при солидных опухолях. Нефрология и диализ.2002;2:4:76-82.Kozlovskaya LV, Tuganbekova SK, Seysembekov TZ, et al. Paraneoplastic kidney descase associated with solid tumors. Nephrology and Dialysis.2002;2:4:76-82. (In Russ.)Аниконова Л.И., Ряснянский В.Ю., Макарьева Е.Ю., Воробьева О.А. Фокально-сегментарный гломерулосклероз, ассоциированный с хроническим лимфолейкозом: клинический случай и литературный обзор. Нефрология. 2016;20(6):101-110.Anikonova LI, Ryasnyanskiy VU, Makarjyeva EU, Vorobjyеva OA. Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis associated with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia: case report and literature review.Nephrology (Saint-Petersburg). 2016;20(6):101-110. (In Russ.)Смирнов А.В., Афанасьев Б.В., Поддубная И.В., и др. Моноклональная гаммапатия ренального значения: консенсус гематологов и нефрологов России по введению нозологии, диагностике и обоснованности клон-ориентированной терапии. Архивъ внутренней медицины. 2020;10(2):102-118. https://doi. org/10.20514/2226-6704-2020-10-2-102-118Smirnov AV, Afanasyev BV, Poddubnaya IV, et al. Monoclonal Gammopathy of Renal Significance: Consensus of Hematologists and Nephrologists of Russia on the Establishment of Nosology, Diagnostic Approach and Rationale for Clone Specific Treatment. The Russian Archives of Internal Medicine. 2020;10(2):102-118 (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.20514/2226-6704-2020-10-2-102-118Zafar-Mohtashami A, Bakhtiari A, Hadian B, Obeidavi Z. Nephrotic syndrome associated with carcinoma of unknown primary treated with chemotherapy: A rare case report. Iranian Chemical Communication.2020;8:1:35-40. https://doi. org/10.33945/SAMI/ECC.2020.2.5Zafar-Mohtashami A, Bakhtiari A, Hadian B, Obeidavi Z. Nephrotic syndrome associated with carcinoma of unknown primary treated with chemotherapy: A rare case report. Iranian Chemical Communication.2020;8:1:35-40. https://doi. org/10.33945/SAMI/ECC.2020.2.5Романов В.П., Клопоцкий С.А. Паранеопластическая мембранозная нефропатия. Клиническая медицина. 2006; 6:84:59-61.Romanov VP, Klopotsky SA. Paraneoplastic membranous nephropathy. Clinical Medicine. 2006;6:84:59-61. (In Russ.)Liu X, Bai Y, Zhou X, et al. Complete remission of membranous nephropathy in a patient with lung adenocarcinoma treated with erlotinib.Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics.2019. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpt.13078Liu X, Bai Y, Zhou X, et al. Complete remission of membranous nephropathy in a patient with lung adenocarcinoma treated with erlotinib.Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics.2019. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpt.13078Plaisier E, Ronco P. Screening for Cancer in Patients with Glomerular Diseases.Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology.2020. https://doi.org/10.2215/CJN.09000819Plaisier E, Ronco P. Screening for Cancer in Patients with Glomerular Diseases.Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology.2020. https://doi.org/10.2215/CJN.09000819Higashihara T, Okada A, Nakamura Y, et al. Proliferative Glomerulonephritis with Monoclonal Immunoglobulin Deposits without Conspicuous Mesangial Proliferation, Complicated with Squamous Cell Lung Carcinoma. Internal Medicine.2020;2993-2919. https://doi.org/10.2169/internalmedicine.2993-19Higashihara T, Okada A, Nakamura Y, et al. Proliferative Glomerulonephritis with Monoclonal Immunoglobulin Deposits without Conspicuous Mesangial Proliferation, Complicated with Squamous Cell Lung Carcinoma. Internal Medicine.2020;2993-2919. https://doi.org/10.2169/internalmedicine.2993-19Ruggiero A, Ferrara P, Attinà G, et al. Renal toxicity and chemotherapy in children with cancer. British journal of clinical pharmacolo gy.2017;83:12:2605-2614. https://doi.org/10.1111/bcp.13388Ruggiero A, Ferrara P, Attinà G, et al. Renal toxicity and chemotherapy in children with cancer. British journal of clinical pharmacolo gy.2017;83:12:2605-2614. https://doi.org/10.1111/bcp.13388Bitran JD, Desser RK, Billings AA, et al. Acute nephrotoxicity following cis-dichlorodiammine-platinum. Cancer. 1982;49:9:1784-1788 https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-0142(19820501)49:9<1784:AIDCNCR2820490909>3.0.CO;2-6Bitran JD, Desser RK, Billings AA, et al. Acute nephrotoxicity following cis-dichlorodiammine-platinum. Cancer. 1982;49:9:1784-1788 https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-0142(19820501)49:9<1784:AIDCNCR2820490909>3.0.CO;2-6Джумабаева Б.Т., Бирюкова Л.С. Нефротоксичность противоопухолевых препаратов, коррекция их дозы при лечении больных лимфопролиферативными и онкологическими заболеваниями, ассоциированными с почечной недостаточностью. Гематология и трансфузиология. 2015; 60(4): 30-35.Dzhumabaeva BT, Biryukova LS. Nephrotoxicity of antitumor drugs and correction of their doses in therapy of patients with lymphomas and cancer associated with renal failure. Hematology and transfusiology (Gematologiya i transfuziologiya). 2015; 60(4): 30-35. (In Russ.)Holditch SJ, Brown CN, Lombardi AM, et al. Recent advances in models, mechanisms, biomarkers, and interventions in cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury. International journal of molecular sciences. 2019;20:12:3011. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20123011Holditch SJ, Brown CN, Lombardi AM, et al. Recent advances in models, mechanisms, biomarkers, and interventions in cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury. International journal of molecular sciences. 2019;20:12:3011. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20123011Solanki MH, Chatterjee PK, Gupta M, et al. Magnesium protects against cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury by regulating platinum accumulation. Am. J. Physiol. Ren. Physiol. 2014;307:F369–F384.Solanki MH, Chatterjee PK, Gupta M, et al. Magnesium protects against cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury by regulating platinum accumulation. Am. J. Physiol. Ren. Physiol. 2014;307:F369–F384.Mapuskar KA, Wen H, Holanda DG, et al. Persistent increase in mitochondrial superoxide mediates cisplatin-induced chronic kidney disease. Redox Biol. 2019;20:98–106.Mapuskar KA, Wen H, Holanda DG, et al. Persistent increase in mitochondrial superoxide mediates cisplatin-induced chronic kidney disease. Redox Biol. 2019;20:98–106.Miller RP, Tadagavadi RK, Ramesh G, Reeves WB. Mechanisms of Cisplatin nephrotoxicity. Toxins.2010;2:2490–2518.Miller RP, Tadagavadi RK, Ramesh G, Reeves WB. Mechanisms of Cisplatin nephrotoxicity. Toxins.2010;2:2490–2518.Overath JM, Gauer S, Obermuller N, et al. Short-term preconditioning enhances the therapeutic potential of adipose-derived stromal/stem cell-conditioned medium in cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury. Exp. Cell Res. 2016;342:175–183.Overath JM, Gauer S, Obermuller N, et al. Short-term preconditioning enhances the therapeutic potential of adipose-derived stromal/stem cell-conditioned medium in cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury. Exp. Cell Res. 2016;342:175–183.Дорохина Е.И., Магомедова А.У., Куликов С.М., и др. Отдаленная нефротоксичность высокодозной химиотерапии по модифицированной программе NHLBFM-90 у взрослых больных диффузной В-крупноклеточной лимфомой. Гематология и трансфузиология. 2016; 61(4): 177-183. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0234-5730-2016-61-4-177-183Dorokhina EI, Magomedova AU, Kulikov SM, et al. Late nephrotoxicity of modified program NHL-BFM-90 in adult patients poor prognosis of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Gematologiya i transfusiologiya (Hematology and Transfusiology, Russian journal). 2016; 61(4): 177183 (In Russ.). http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0234-5730-2016-61-4-177-183Rogowska E, Woźniak W. Nephrotoxicity of ifosfamide with special reference to Fanconi Syndrome.Medycyna wieku rozwojowego.2004;8:2:1:289-295.Rogowska E, Woźniak W. Nephrotoxicity of ifosfamide with special reference to Fanconi Syndrome.Medycyna wieku rozwojowego.2004;8:2:1:289-295.Lee JW, Chung HC, Lee HS, et al. A case of ifosfamide-induced renal tubular acidosis and renal failure. The Korean Journal of Medicine. 2005;69:3:890-895.Lee JW, Chung HC, Lee HS, et al. A case of ifosfamide-induced renal tubular acidosis and renal failure. The Korean Journal of Medicine. 2005;69:3:890-895.Gomes SM, Garcia AM, Francisco T, et al. Fanconi syndrome after Ifosfamide exposure — case report. Port J Nephrol Hypert. 2019; 33(1): 61-67. http://doi.org/10.32932/pjnh.2019.04.012Gomes SM, Garcia AM, Francisco T, et al. Fanconi syndrome after Ifosfamide exposure — case report. Port J Nephrol Hypert. 2019; 33(1): 61-67. http://doi.org/10.32932/pjnh.2019.04.012Foley GE. Obituary. Sidney Farber, M.D. Cancer Res. 1974 Mar;34(3):659-61. PMID: 4590923.Foley GE. Obituary. Sidney Farber, M.D. Cancer Res. 1974 Mar;34(3):659-61. PMID: 4590923.Jaffe N, Gorlick R. High-dose methotrexate in osteosarcoma: let the questions surcease — time for final acceptance. J. Clin. Oncol. 2008; 26(27): 4365–436. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2007.14.7793Jaffe N, Gorlick R. High-dose methotrexate in osteosarcoma: let the questions surcease — time for final acceptance. J. Clin. Oncol. 2008; 26(27): 4365–436. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2007.14.7793Grönroos MH, Jahnukainen T, Möttönen M, et al. Long-term followup of renal function after high-dose methotrexate treatment in children. Pediatr. Blood Cancer. 2008;51(4): 535–539. https://doi.org/10.1002/pbc.21650.Grönroos MH, Jahnukainen T, Möttönen M, et al. Long-term followup of renal function after high-dose methotrexate treatment in children. Pediatr. Blood Cancer. 2008;51(4): 535–539. https://doi.org/10.1002/pbc.21650.Green MR, Chamberlain MC. Renal dysfunction during and after highdose methotrexate. Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol. 2009; 63(4):599-604. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00280-008-0772-0Green MR, Chamberlain MC. Renal dysfunction during and after highdose methotrexate. Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol. 2009; 63(4):599-604. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00280-008-0772-0Takimoto CH, Remick SC, Sharma S, et al. National Cancer Institute Organ Dysfunction Working Group Study. Dose-escalating and pharmacological study of oxaliplatin in adult cancer patients with impaired renal function: a National Cancer Institute Organ Dysfunction Working Group Study. J Clin Oncol. 2003;21:2664-2672. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2003.11.015Takimoto CH, Remick SC, Sharma S, et al. National Cancer Institute Organ Dysfunction Working Group Study. Dose-escalating and pharmacological study of oxaliplatin in adult cancer patients with impaired renal function: a National Cancer Institute Organ Dysfunction Working Group Study. J Clin Oncol. 2003;21:2664-2672. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2003.11.015Муркамилов И.Т., Сабиров И.С., Кудайбергенова И.О., и др. Нефропатии, индуцированные лечением опухолей: клинико-патогенетические аспекты. The Scientific Heritage. 2020; 56:2:45-52. https://doi.org/10.24412/9215-0365-2020-56-2-45-52Murkamilov I, Sabirov I., Kudaibergenova I, et al. Nephropathies induced by treatment of tumors: clinic — pathogenetic aspects. The Scientific Heritage. 2020;56:2:45-52. https://doi.org/10.24412/9215-0365-2020-56-2-45-52 (In Russ.).Porta C., Bamias A., Danesh F, et al. KDIGO Controversies Conference on onco-nephrology: understanding kidney impairment and solid-organ malignancies, and managing kidney cancer. Kidney Int. 2020 Nov;98(5):1108-1119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.kint.2020.06.046Porta C., Bamias A., Danesh F, et al. KDIGO Controversies Conference on onco-nephrology: understanding kidney impairment and solid-organ malignancies, and managing kidney cancer. Kidney Int. 2020 Nov;98(5):1108-1119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.kint.2020.06.046

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.