<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">avk</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Архивъ внутренней медицины</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The Russian Archives of Internal Medicine</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2226-6704</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2411-6564</issn><publisher><publisher-name>“SINAPS” LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.20514/2226-6704-2022-12-3-212-220</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">avk-1432</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>РОЛЬ СУПРЕССОРА ЦИТОКИНОВОЙ СИГНАЛИЗАЦИИ SOCS2 В РЕГУЛЯЦИИ ПРОВОСПАЛИТЕЛЬНОЙ АКТИВНОСТИ КЛЕТОК ЦЕЛЬНОЙ КРОВИ ПОСЛЕ ПЕРЕНЕСЕННОЙ ИНФЕКЦИИ НИЖНИХ ОТДЕЛОВ РЕСПИРАТОРНОГО ТРАКТА</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The Role of SOCS2 Cytokine Signaling Suppressor in the Regulation of ProInflammatory Activity of Whole Blood Cells after Lower Respiratory Tract Infection</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2749-8366</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бондарь</surname><given-names>С. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bondar</surname><given-names>S. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Калуга</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kaluga</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6548-083X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Терехов</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Terekhov</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Игорь Владимирович Терехов</p><p>Калуга</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Igor V. Terekhov</p><p>Kaluga</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">trft@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7862-0937</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Никифоров</surname><given-names>В. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikiforov</surname><given-names>V. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Saint-Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1329-4178</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Парфенюк</surname><given-names>В. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Parfenyuk</surname><given-names>V. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Саратов</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Saratov</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7806-5320</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бондарь</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bondar</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Орел</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Orel</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Калужская областная клиническая больница</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kaluga Regional Clinical Hospital</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Медицинский институт ФГБОУ ВО «Калужский государственный университет им. К.Э. Циолковского»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kaluga State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Северо-Западный государственный медицинский университет им. И.И. Мечникова» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>North-Western State Medical University n. a. I.I. Mechnikov</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Саратовский государственный медицинский университет»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saratov State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Орловский государственный университет им. И.С. Тургенева»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Orel State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>21</day><month>05</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>212</fpage><lpage>220</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Бондарь С.С., Терехов И.В., Никифоров В.С., Парфенюк В.К., Бондарь Н.В., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Бондарь С.С., Терехов И.В., Никифоров В.С., Парфенюк В.К., Бондарь Н.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bondar S.S., Terekhov I.V., Nikiforov V.S., Parfenyuk V.K., Bondar N.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.medarhive.ru/jour/article/view/1432">https://www.medarhive.ru/jour/article/view/1432</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель исследования — изучение взаимосвязи содержания в мононуклеарных лейкоцитах цельной крови при пневмонии и у практически здоровых лиц супресcора цитокиновой сигнализации 2 (SOCS2) с продукцией цитокинов (ФНОα, TGFb, ИФНα, ИФНβ, ИФНγ, ИЛ-1β, ИЛ-2, ИЛ-4, ИЛ-5, ИЛ-10, ИЛ-12, ИЛ-17А, РАИЛ-1, RANTES) и отдельными факторами NF-kB и JAK/STAT-сигнальных путей (NF-kB2, p65, p50, STAT1, STAT3, STAT5B, STAT6). Материалы и методы исследования. Материалом исследования служили мононуклеарные клетки, выделяемые из образцов венозной крови, а также плазма крови практически здоровых лиц и больных пневмонией. В ядерно-цитоплазматических лизатах мононуклеарных клеток крови методом иммуноферментного анализа оценивали концентрацию компонентов ядерного фактора транскрипции NF-κB: р65, р50, NF-κB2, факторов STAT1, STAT3, STAT5B, STAT6, протеина SOCS2. Также определяли концентрацию ФНОα, ИЛ-1β, TGFb, ИФНα, ИФНβ, ИФНγ, ИЛ-1β, ИЛ-2, ИЛ-4, ИЛ-5, ИЛ-10, ИЛ-17А, РАИЛ-1, RANTES. Результаты проведенного исследования свидетельствует о том, что стадия реконвалесценции пневмонии сопровождается дисрегуляцией продукции основных провоспалительных цитокинов, проявляющейся снижением уровня ФНОα, TGFb, RANTES, ИЛ-4, ИЛ-17А, ИФНβ, ИФНγ и повышением продукции ИЛ-2 и ИФНα. На этом фоне отмечено снижение фосфорилирования факторов STAT3 и STAT4, а также снижение содержания в МНК протеинов р50 и р65. Указанные изменения ассоциировались с повышенным содержанием в МНК фактора SOCS2. Проведенный анализ показал, что повышение содержания в МНК SOCS2 от минимального уровня, определяющегося концентрацией, соответствующей 1 квартилю выборки (1,3 нг/мл) до максимального, определяющегося 4-м квартилем выборки (1,7 нг/мл) ассоциировано со снижением продукции ИЛ-1β, ИЛ-4, ИЛ-4, ИЛ-5, ИЛ-10, ИЛ-17А, TGFb, RANTES и ИФНβ на фоне повышения уровня ИНФα, ИНФγ и ИЛ-2. Изменения продукции цитокинов сопровождались повышением содержания STAT5B, STAT4 и NF-kB2 и снижением фосфорилирования STAT3. уменьшением содержания в клетке компонентов ядерного фактора транскрипции NF-κB, в частности, p50, p65. Заключение. Особенности взаимосвязей SOCS2 с исследуемыми факторами позволяет говорить о том, что его высокий уровень способствует ограничению продукции провоспалительных цитокинов, в особенности, продуцирующихся Т-хелперами 2 типа и Th17, стимулирует усиление чувствительности ИКК к ИЛ-2 и стимуляции Т-хелперов 1 типа. Указанные эффекты реализуются за счет повышения фосфорилирования факторов STAT5 и STAT4, снижения активности STAT3, изменения соотношения в клетке компонентов р50, р65 и NF-κB2 ядерного фактора транскрипции NF-κB.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The aim of the investigation was to study the relationship between the content of whole blood in mononuclear leukocytes in pneumonia and in apparently healthy individuals of cytokine signaling suppressor 2 (SOCS2) with the production of cytokines (TNFα, TGFb, IFNα, IFNβ, IFNγ, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-12, IL-17A, RAIL-1, RANTES) and individual factors of the NF-kB and JAK / STAT signaling pathways (NF-kB2, p65, p50, STAT1, STAT3, STAT5B, STAT6). Materials and research methods. The research material was mononuclear cells isolated from venous blood samples, as well as blood plasma of practically healthy individuals and patients with pneumonia. In nuclear-cytoplasmic lysates of mononuclear blood cells, the concentration of the components of the nuclear transcription factor NF-κB, p65, p50, NF-κB2, factors STAT1, STAT3, STAT5B, STAT6, and protein SOCS2, was assessed by enzyme immunoassay. We also determined the concentration of TNFα, IL-1β, TGFb, IFNα, IFNβ, IFNγ, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-17A, RAIL-1, RANTES. The results of this study indicate that the stage of pneumonia convalescence is accompanied by dysregulation of the production of the main proinflammatory cytokines, manifested by a decrease in the level of TNFα, TGFb, RANTES, IL-4, IL-17A, IFNβ, IFNγ and an increase in the production of IL-2 and IFNα. Against this background, a decrease in the phosphorylation of the STAT3 and STAT4 factors was noted, as well as a decrease in the content of p50 and p65 proteins in MNCs. These changes were associated with an increased content of the SOCS2 factor in MNCs. The analysis showed that an increase in the content of SOCS2 in MNCs from the minimum level determined by the concentration corresponding to the 1st quartile of the sample (1.3 ng / ml) to the maximum, determined by the 4th quartile of the sample (1.7 ng / ml) is associated with a decrease in production IL-1β, IL-4, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-17A, TGFb, RANTES and IFNβ against the background of an increase in the level of INFα, INFγ and IL-2. Changes in cytokine production were accompanied by an increase in STAT5B, STAT4, and NF-kB2 levels and a decrease in STAT3 phosphorylation. a decrease in the content in the cell of the components of the nuclear transcription factor NF-κB, in particular, p50, p65. Conclusion. The peculiarities of the relationship of SOCS2 with the studied factors suggests that its high level helps to limit the production of proinflammatory cytokines, in particular those produced by type 2 T-helpers and Th17, stimulates an increase in ICC sensitivity to IL-2 and stimulation of type 1 T-helpers. These effects are realized due to an increase in the phosphorylation of the STAT5 and STAT4 factors, a decrease in the STAT3 activity, and a change in the ratio of the components p50, p65 and NF-κB2 of the nuclear transcription factor NF-κB in the cell.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>SOCS2</kwd><kwd>NF-κB</kwd><kwd>STAT3</kwd><kwd>STAT5</kwd><kwd>ИФНα</kwd><kwd>ИЛ-2</kwd><kwd>пневмония</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>NF-kB</kwd><kwd>STAT3</kwd><kwd>STAT5</kwd><kwd>SOCS2</kwd><kwd>IFNa</kwd><kwd>IL-2</kwd><kwd>pneumonia</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кетлинский С.А., Симбирцев А.С. Цитокины. СПб: ООО «Издательство Фолиант». 2008; 552 с. Ketlinskij S.A., Simbirtsev A.S. Citokiny. SPb: OOO «Izdatel’stvo Foliant». 2008; 552 p. [in Russian].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Кетлинский С.А., Симбирцев А.С. Цитокины. СПб: ООО «Издательство Фолиант». 2008; 552 с. Ketlinskij S.A., Simbirtsev A.S. Citokiny. SPb: OOO «Izdatel’stvo Foliant». 2008; 552 p. [in Russian].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шапошников А.В., Комарьков И.Ф., Лебедева Л.А. и др. Строение сигнального пути JAK/STAT и его взаимосвязь с аппаратом транскрипции. Молекулярная биология. 2013; 47(3): 388-397. doi:10.7868/S0026898413030130</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shaposhnikov A.V., Komar’kov I.F., Lebedeva L.A. et al. Molecular components of JAK/STAT signaling pathway and its interaction with transcription machinery. Molecular Biology. 2013; 47(3): 343-351. [in Russian]. doi:10.7868/S0026898413030130</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Liu S., Liao Y., Chen B., Chen Y. Critical role of Syk-dependent STAT1 activation in innate antiviral immunity. Cell Rep. 2021; 34(3): 108627. doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108627</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Liu S., Liao Y., Chen B., Chen Y. Critical role of Syk-dependent STAT1 activation in innate antiviral immunity. Cell Rep. 2021; 34(3): 108627. doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108627</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Зюзьков Г.Н., Удут Е.В., Мирошниченко Л.А. Роль JAK/STAT3- сигналинга в стимуляции функций мезенхимных клеток-предшественников фактором роста фибробластов. Бюллетень экспериментальной биологии. 2018; 165(1): 25-28.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zyuz’kov G.N., Udut E.V., Miroshnichenko L.A. et al. Role of JAK/STAT3 signaling in functional stimulation of mesenchymal progenitor cells by fibroblast growth factor. Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine. 2018; 165(1):18-21. [in Russian].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Терехов И.В., Никифоров В.С., Бондарь С.С. и др. Изменение содержания компонентов IL/TOLL-сигнального пути и NF-kB в мононуклеарных клеток цельной крови под влиянием низкоинтенсивного электромагнитного излучения частотой 1 ГГц. Гены и клетки. 2017; 12(2): 90-96. doi:10.23868/201707020</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Terekhov I.V., Nikiforov V.S., Bondar’ S.S. et al. The effect of low-intensity electromagnetic irradiation with a frequency of 1 GHZ on the content of the components of the IL/TOLL signaling pathway and NF-kb in mononuclear cells of whole blood. Geny i kletki. 2017; 12(2): 90-96. [in Russian]. doi:10.23868/201707020</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Visekruna A., Volkov A., Steinhoff U. A key role for NF-κB transcription factor c-Rel in T-lymphocyte-differentiation and effector functions. Clin Dev Immunol. 2012; 2012: 239368. doi:10.1155/2012/239368.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Visekruna A., Volkov A., Steinhoff U. A key role for NF-κB transcription factor c-Rel in T-lymphocyte-differentiation and effector functions. Clin Dev Immunol. 2012; 2012: 239368. doi:10.1155/2012/239368.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сорокина Л.Н., Минеев В.Н., Лим В.В. Роль негативных регуляторов транскрипции генов SOCS1, SOCS3 и SOCS5 в системе негативной регуляции клеточной сигнализации при бронхиальной астме. Терапевтический архив. 2017; 89(3): 43-47.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sorokina L.N., Mineev V.N., Lim V.V. Role of negative regulators of SOCS1, SOCS3, and SOCS5 gene transcription in the negative cell signaling regulation system in asthma. Terapevticheskii Arkhiv. 2017; 89(3): 43-47. [In Russian]. doi:10.17116/terarkh201789343-47</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бондарь С.С., Терехов И.В., Никифоров В.С. и др. Роль супрессора цитокиновой сигнализации SOCS7 в регуляции фосфорилирования ингибитора ядерного фактора транскрипции NF-KB в мононуклеарных лейкоцитах и продукции цитокинов у реконвалесцентов внебольничной пневмонии. Медицинский совет. 2018; 15: 138-140. doi:10.21518/2079-701X-2018-15-138-140</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bondar S.S., Terekhov I.V., Nikiforov V.S. et al. The role of suppressor of cytokine signaling SOCS7 in the regulation of the phosphorylation of inhibitor of nuclear transcription factor NF-KB in mononuclear leukocytes and production of cytokines in community-acquired bacterial pneumonia. Meditsinskiy sovet=Medical Council. 2018; (15): 138-140. [in Russian]. doi:10.21518/2079-701X-2018-15-138-140</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Терехов И.В., Никифоров В.С., Бондарь С.С. и др. Состояние RIG-Iи NF-KB-сигнальных путей в мононуклеарных клетках цельной крови практически здоровых лиц и реконвалесцентов пневмонии, подвергнутых митогенной стимуляции. Гены и клетки. 2019; 3(14): 131-136.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Terekhov I.V., Nikiforov V.S., Bondar’ S.S. et al. Condition of RIG-I and NF-KB-signal pathways in mononuclear cells of whole blood of practically healthy people and reconvalescents of pneumonia affected by mitogenic stimulation. Geny i kletki. 2019; 3(14): 131-136. [in Russian]. doi:10.23868/201906023</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Keating N., Nicholson S.E. SOCS-mediated immunomodulation of natural killer cells. Cytokine. 2018. pii: S1043-4666(18)30119-4. doi:10.1016/j.cyto.2018.03.033</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Keating N., Nicholson S.E. SOCS-mediated immunomodulation of natural killer cells. Cytokine. 2018. pii: S1043-4666(18)30119-4. doi:10.1016/j.cyto.2018.03.033</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Knosp C.A., Carroll H.P., Elliott J. et al. SOCS2 regulates T helper type 2 differentiation and the generation of type 2 allergic responses. J Exp Med. 2011; 208(7): 1523-31. doi:10.1084/jem.20101167</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Knosp C.A., Carroll H.P., Elliott J. et al. SOCS2 regulates T helper type 2 differentiation and the generation of type 2 allergic responses. J Exp Med. 2011; 208(7): 1523-31. doi:10.1084/jem.20101167</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Knosp C.A., Schiering C., Spence S. et al. Regulation of Foxp3+ inducible regulatory T cell stability by SOCS2. J Immunol. 2013;190(7):3235-45. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1201396</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Knosp C.A., Schiering C., Spence S. et al. Regulation of Foxp3+ inducible regulatory T cell stability by SOCS2. J Immunol. 2013;190(7):3235-45. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1201396</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Letellier E., Haan S. SOCS2: physiological and pathological functions. Front Biosci (Elite Ed). 2016; 8: 189-204. doi:10.2741/E760</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Letellier E., Haan S. SOCS2: physiological and pathological functions. Front Biosci (Elite Ed). 2016; 8: 189-204. doi:10.2741/E760</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cramer A., de Lima Oliveira B.C., Leite P.G. et al. Role of SOCS2 in the Regulation of Immune Response and Development of the Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. Mediators Inflamm. 2019; 2019: 1872593. doi:10.1155/2019/1872593</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cramer A., de Lima Oliveira B.C., Leite P.G. et al. Role of SOCS2 in the Regulation of Immune Response and Development of the Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. Mediators Inflamm. 2019; 2019: 1872593. doi:10.1155/2019/1872593</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Durham G.A., Williams J.J. L., Nasim M.T. et al. Targeting SOCS Proteins to Control JAK-STAT Signalling in Disease. Trends Pharmacol Sci. 2019; 40(5): 298-308. doi:10.1016/j.tips.2019.03.001</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Durham G.A., Williams J.J. L., Nasim M.T. et al. Targeting SOCS Proteins to Control JAK-STAT Signalling in Disease. Trends Pharmacol Sci. 2019; 40(5): 298-308. doi:10.1016/j.tips.2019.03.001</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Пульмонология. Национальное руководство. Краткое издание/под ред. А.Г. Чучалина. М.: ГЭОТАР-Медиа, 2014; 800 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pulmonology. National leadership. Short edition/ed. A.G. Chuchalin. M.: GEOTAR-Media, 2014; 800 p. [in Russian].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лебедева М.Н., Грищенко А.В. Особенности течения повторных внебольничных пневмоний у военнослужащих по призыву. Военно-медицинский журнал. 2009; 330(7): 24-8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lebedeva M.N., Grishchenko A.V. Features of the course of repeated community-acquired pneumonia in conscripted servicemen. Voenno-medicinskij zhurnal. 2009; 330(7): 24-8. [in Russian]. doi:10.17816/RMMJ72650</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">McBerry C., Gonzalez R.M., Shryock N. et al. SOCS2-induced proteasome-dependent TRAF6 degradation: a common anti-inflammatory pathway for control of innate immune responses. PLoS One. 2012; 7(6): e38384. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0038384</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">McBerry C., Gonzalez R.M., Shryock N. et al. SOCS2-induced proteasome-dependent TRAF6 degradation: a common anti-inflammatory pathway for control of innate immune responses. PLoS One. 2012; 7(6): e38384. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0038384</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Paul I., Batth T.S., Iglesias-Gato D. et al. The ubiquitin ligase Cullin5 SOCS2 regulates NDR1/STK38 stability and NF-κB transactivation. Sci Rep. 2017; 7: 42800. doi:10.1038/srep42800</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Paul I., Batth T.S., Iglesias-Gato D. et al. The ubiquitin ligase Cullin5 SOCS2 regulates NDR1/STK38 stability and NF-κB transactivation. Sci Rep. 2017; 7: 42800. doi:10.1038/srep42800</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Monti-Rocha R., Cramer A., Gaio Leite P. et al. SOCS2 Is Critical for the Balancing of Immune Response and Oxidate Stress Protecting Against Acetaminophen-Induced Acute Liver Injury. Front Immunol. 2019; 9: 3134. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2018.03134</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Monti-Rocha R., Cramer A., Gaio Leite P. et al. SOCS2 Is Critical for the Balancing of Immune Response and Oxidate Stress Protecting Against Acetaminophen-Induced Acute Liver Injury. Front Immunol. 2019; 9: 3134. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2018.03134</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chen Y., Menger M.M., Braun B.J., Schweizer S. Modulation of Macrophage Activity by Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields in the Context of Fracture Healing. Bioengineering (Basel). 2021; 8(11): 167. doi:10.3390/bioengineering8110167</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chen Y., Menger M.M., Braun B.J., Schweizer S. Modulation of Macrophage Activity by Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields in the Context of Fracture Healing. Bioengineering (Basel). 2021; 8(11): 167. doi:10.3390/bioengineering8110167</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бондарь С.С., Терехов И.В., Никифоров В.С. и др. Взаимосвязи компонентов JAK/STAT- и MAPK/SAPK-сигнальных путей, а также NF-kB и содержания в мононуклеарных клетках цельной крови тиоредоксинредуктазы в постклиническую стадию внебольничной пневмонии. Consilium Medicum. 2018; 20 (11): 61-65. doi:10.26442/20751753.2018.11.180091</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bondar S.S., Terekhov I.V., Nikiforov V.S. et al. The relationship of JAK/STAT and MAPK/SAPK signaling pathways, NF-kB and content in the mononuclear cells of whole blood thioredoxins in the post-clinical stage of community-acquired pneumonia. Consilium Medicum. 2018; 20 (11): 61-65. [in Russian]. doi:10.26442/20751753.2018.11.180091</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
