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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">avk</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Архивъ внутренней медицины</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The Russian Archives of Internal Medicine</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2226-6704</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2411-6564</issn><publisher><publisher-name>“SINAPS” LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.20514/2226-6704-2022-12-4-293-301</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">avk-1482</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEW ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Регенеративная терапия при хронической сердечной недостаточности: перспективы использования клеточных и бесклеточных технологий .</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Regenerative Therapy for Chronic Heart Failure: Prospects for the Use of Cellular and Acellular Technologies</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9777-1220</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Долгополов</surname><given-names>И. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dolgopolov</surname><given-names>I. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Тверь</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tver</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8398-7001</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рыков</surname><given-names>М. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rykov</surname><given-names>M. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Тверь; Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tver</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9099-1351</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Осадчий</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Osadchij</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Тверь</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tver</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Тверской государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Tver State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Тверской государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России; Медицинская клиника «НАКФФ»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Tver State Medical University; Medical clinic “NAKFF”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Тверской государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России;  ГБУЗ ТО «Клиническая больница скорой медицинской помощи»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Tver State Medical University; Clinical Emergency Hospital</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>31</day><month>07</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>293</fpage><lpage>301</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Долгополов И.С., Рыков М.Ю., Осадчий В.А., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Долгополов И.С., Рыков М.Ю., Осадчий В.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Dolgopolov I.S., Rykov M.Y., Osadchij V.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.medarhive.ru/jour/article/view/1482">https://www.medarhive.ru/jour/article/view/1482</self-uri><abstract><p>Хроническая сердечная недостаточность (ХСН) является одной из наиболее распространенных и тяжелых форм ишемической болезни сердца (ИБС), на фоне которой существенно снижается продолжительность и качество жизни пациентов. Применяемые в настоящее время фармакологические и немедикаментозные методы лечения недостаточно эффективны, а трансплантация сердца ограничена организационными и техническими сложностями, возникающими при выполнении этого оперативного вмешательства, а также недостаточной доступностью донорских органов. Известно, что потенциал клеток миокарда к репарации невелик, поэтому регенеративная терапия может быть востребована, как новое перспективное направление лечения ХСН. Существует несколько направлений клеточной терапии, способствующей улучшению процессов репарации миокарда. Одним из них является трансплантация соматических стволовых клеток, которая считается безопасной и несколько улучшает сократимость миокарда, преимущественно за счет паракринных механизмов регуляции клеточного цикла. В качестве альтернативы этой методики, для трансплантации непосредственно в поврежденные участки миокарда могут быть использованы кардиомиоциты, полученные из индуцированных плюрипотентных стволовых клеток (iPSC). Однако до начала применения таких клеток у лиц, страдающих ХСН, предстоит решить проблемы их потенциальной онкогенности и недостаточно хорошей выживаемости в условиях редукции кровотока на фоне тяжелого коронарного атеросклероза. В ряде исследований рассматривались и другие направления клеточной терапии, в частности бесклеточный подход к прямому перепрограммированию, заключавшийся в преобразовании эндогенных сердечных фибробластов в индуцированные кардиомиоцитоподобные клетки. В обзоре рассматривается текущая ситуация и перспективы использования регенеративных клеточных и бесклеточных технологий при ХСН, которые могут быть введены в клиническую практику в ближайшем будущем.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Cardiovascular diseases are the second leading cause of death and disability worldwide after malignancies. Heart failure (HF) has a large impact not only on the economics of healthcare but also on the quality of life, functionality and life expectancy of patients. Pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapies have been developed, but these medical therapies have limited effects to cure patients with severe CH. Heart transplantation is limited due to the low number of donor organs. Human cardiac potential for spontaneous repair is insignificant, so regenerative therapy is in great demand as a new treatment strategy. Currently, there are several strategies for heart regeneration. Transplantation of somatic stem cells was safe and modestly improved cardiac function after myocardial infarction and in patients with CF mainly through paracrine mechanisms. Alternatively, new cardiomyocytes could be generated from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) to transplant into injured hearts. However, several issues remain to be resolved prior to using iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes, such as a potential risk of tumorigenesis and poor survival of transplanted cells in the injured heart. Recently, direct cardiac cell-free reprogramming has emerged as a novel technology to regenerate damaged myocardium by directly converting endogenous cardiac fibroblasts into induced cardiomyocyte-like cells to restore cardiac function. Many researchers have reported direct reprogramming of the heart in vivo in animal and human cells. In this review, we review the current status of cardiac cell-based and cell-free regenerative technology, a great hope to treat cardiovascular diseases in clinical practice.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>хроническая сердечная недостаточность</kwd><kwd>регенеративная клеточная терапия</kwd><kwd>клеточные и бесклеточные технологии</kwd><kwd>кардиомиоциты</kwd><kwd>фибробласты</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>chronic heart failure</kwd><kwd>regenerative cell therapy</kwd><kwd>cell and cell-free technologies</kwd><kwd>cardiomyocytes</kwd><kwd>fibroblasts</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Benjamin EJ, Virani S, Callaway C, et al. Heart disease and stroke statistics–2018 update: a report from the American Heart Association. 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