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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">avk</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Архивъ внутренней медицины</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The Russian Archives of Internal Medicine</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2226-6704</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2411-6564</issn><publisher><publisher-name>“SINAPS” LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.20514/2226-6704-2022-12-5-352-362</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">avk-1507</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEW ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ПАТОФИЗИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ПРЕДПОСЫЛКИ И ТЕРАПЕВТИЧЕСКИЙ ПОТЕНЦИАЛ ТРАНСПЛАНТАЦИИ ФЕКАЛЬНОЙ МИКРОБИОТЫ ПРИ ТЯЖЁЛОМ АЛКОГОЛЬНОМ ГЕПАТИТЕ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Pathophysiological Prerequisites and Therapeutic Potential of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in Severe Alcoholic Hepatitis</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9809-8015</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гарбузенко</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Garbuzenko</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дмитрий Викторович Гарбузенко</p><p>Челябинск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dmitry V. Garbuzenko</p><p>Chelyabinsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">garb@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБОУ ВПО «Южно-Уральский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>South Ural State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>09</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>352</fpage><lpage>362</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Гарбузенко Д.В., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Гарбузенко Д.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Garbuzenko D.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.medarhive.ru/jour/article/view/1507">https://www.medarhive.ru/jour/article/view/1507</self-uri><abstract><p>Из-за высокой заболеваемости и смертности проблема тяжёлого алкогольного гепатита до настоящего времени не теряет своей актуальности. При отсутствии специфической терапии, связанная с ним одномесячная выживаемость невелика, а показатели летальности достигают 30-50 %. Хотя назначение кортикостероидов является научно обоснованным лечением первой линии тяжёлого алкогольного гепатита, кратковременный ответ наблюдается примерно у 60 % пациентов, без преимуществ в долгосрочной выживаемости по сравнению с плацебо. Следует также учитывать возникновение неблагоприятных побочных реакций на их применение примерно у 50 % пациентов, а также риск осложнений, в частности, бактериальных и грибковых инфекций. Препараты второй линии, например, пентоксифиллин, этанерцепт, инфликсимаб, N-ацетилцистеин и др. при тяжелом алкогольном гепатите улучшения клинического исхода не показали. В современных руководствах обсуждается целесообразность трансплантации печени у тщательно отобранных, не отвечающих на лечение кортикостероидами больных тяжелым алкогольным гепатитом. Тем не менее, из-за многочисленных противоречий говорить о внедрении данного подхода в клиническую практику ещё рано. В последние годы были достигнуты определённые успехи в понимании патофизиологических механизмов развития алкогольного гепатита, что послужило толчком для новых направлений его патогенетической терапии. Одно из таких направлений — разработка и совершенствование методик, обеспечивающих кишечный эубиоз, в частности, посредством трансплантации фекальной микробиоты. Целью обзора было описать патофизиологические предпосылки и терапевтический потенциал трансплантации фекальной микробиоты от здоровых доноров больным тяжёлым алкогольным гепатитом. Экспериментальные исследования показали положительное влияние трансплантации фекальной микробиоты на микрофлору кишечника, которое приводило к ослаблению индуцированного алкоголем повреждения печени. У пациентов с тяжёлым алкогольным гепатитом данная методика уменьшала выраженность его симптоматики и способствовала увеличению выживаемости по сравнению с получавшими кортикостероиды. Эти предварительные результаты вселяют оптимизм и создают условия для дальнейших клинических испытаний с включением большой когорты больных тяжёлым алкогольным гепатитом для определения групп пациентов, кому трансплантация фекальной микробиоты будет наиболее эффективна с минимальным риском осложнений.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Due to the high morbidity and mortality, the problem of severe alcoholic hepatitis has not lost its relevance to date. In the absence of specific therapy, the associated to him one-month survival rate is low, and mortality rates reach 30-50 %. Although the use of corticosteroids is a scientifically proven first-line treatment for severe alcoholic hepatitis, a short-term response is observed in approximately 60 % of patients with no long-term survival benefits compared to placebo. It should also take into account the occurrence of adverse side reactions to their use in about 50 % of patients, as well as the risk of complications, in particular, bacterial and fungal infections. The second-line drugs, for example, pentoxifylline, etanercept, infliximab, N-acetylcysteine, etc. in severe alcoholic hepatitis did not show an improvement in the clinical outcome. The modern guidelines discuss the feasibility of liver transplantation in carefully selected patients who do not respond to corticosteroid treatment with severe alcoholic hepatitis. Nevertheless, due to numerous contradictions, it is too early to talk about the introduction of this approach into clinical practice. In recent years, some progress has been made in understanding the pathophysiological mechanisms of the development of alcoholic hepatitis, which served as an impetus for new directions of its pathogenetic therapy. One of them is the techniques that provide intestinal eubiosis, in particular, through the fecal microbiota transplantation. The purpose of the review was to describe the pathophysiological prerequisites and therapeutic potential of fecal microbiota transplantation from healthy donors to patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis. Experimental studies have shown a positive effect of fecal microbiota transplantation on the intestinal microflora, which led to a weakening of alcohol-induced liver damage. In patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis, it improved the severity of its symptoms and contributed to increased survival compared to those receiving corticosteroids. These preliminary results are encouraging and create conditions for further clinical trials involving a large cohort of patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis, which will allow us to identify those for whom fecal microbiota transplantation will be most effective with minimal risk of complications.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>тяжёлый алкогольный гепатит</kwd><kwd>патогенез</kwd><kwd>терапия</kwd><kwd>микробиота кишечника</kwd><kwd>трансплантация фекальной микробиоты</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>severe alcoholic hepatitis</kwd><kwd>pathogenesis</kwd><kwd>therapy</kwd><kwd>gut microbiota</kwd><kwd>fecal microbiota transplantation</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines: Management of alcohol-related liver disease. 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