avkАрхивъ внутренней медициныThe Russian Archives of Internal Medicine2226-67042411-6564“SINAPS” LLC10.20514/2226-6704-2023-13-1-24-35avk-1559Research ArticleОБЗОРНЫЕ СТАТЬИREVIEW ARTICLESЭТИОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ СТРУКТУРА ИНФЕКЦИОННОГО ЭНДОКАРДИТА У ОТДЕЛЬНЫХ КАТЕГОРИЙ ПАЦИЕНТОВ (ОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ)Etiological Structure of Infective Endocarditis in Certain Categories of Patients (Literature Review)https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2694-6614РакитскаяИ. В.RakitskayaI. V.

Донецк, Донецкая Народная Республика

Donetsk, Donetsk People’s Republic

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3984-8482ТарадинГ. Г.TaradinG. G.

Тарадин Геннадий Геннадьевич

Донецк, Донецкая Народная Республика

Gennadiy G. Taradin

Donetsk, Donetsk People’s Republic

taradin@inbox.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6187-7525ПономареваЕ. Ю.PonomarevaE. Yu.

Саратов

Saratov

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9252-2452КуликоваС. О.KulikovaS. O.

Донецк, Донецкая Народная Республика

Donetsk, Donetsk People’s Republic

ГОО ВПО «Донецкий национальный медицинский университет им. М. Горького»РоссияState Educational Organization of Higher Professional Education «M. Gorky Donetsk National Medical University»Russian FederationГОО ВПО «Донецкий национальный медицинский университет им. М. Горького»; ГУ «Институт неотложной и восстановительной хирургии им. В.К. Гусака»РоссияState Educational Organization of Higher Professional Education «M. Gorky Donetsk National Medical University»; State Institution «Institute of Urgent and Reconstructive Surgery named after V.K. Gusak»Russian FederationФГБОУ ВО Саратовский ГМУ им. В.И. Разумовского Минздрава РоссииРоссияFederal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Saratov State Medical University named after V.I. Razumovsky»Russian Federation2023250120231312435Copyright © Ракитская И.В., Тарадин Г.Г., Пономарева Е.Ю., Куликова С.О., 20232023Ракитская И.В., Тарадин Г.Г., Пономарева Е.Ю., Куликова С.О.Rakitskaya I.V., Taradin G.G., Ponomareva E.Y., Kulikova S.O.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.medarhive.ru/jour/article/view/1559

 

В обзоре представлена информация о наиболее частых возбудителях инфекционного эндокардита (ИЭ) среди отдельных категорий пациентов. Основываясь на анализе современных отечественных и зарубежных источников, посвященных изучению ИЭ, в статье описываются условия, предрасполагающие к доминированию тех или иных микроорганизмов у потребителей инъекционных наркотиков, ВИЧинфицированных пациентов, пациентов на гемодиализе, с клапанными протезами, пациентов с сахарным диабетом, злокачественными новообразованиями, пожилых пациентов и у беременных.

Рассматривается распределение как типичных для ИЭ (стафилококки, стрептококки, энтерококки), так и редких микроорганизмов, а также полимикробного эндокардита в перечисленных группах. Обсуждаются возможные причины преобладания метициллин-чувствительных или метициллин-резистентных штаммов Staphylococcus aureus у разных категорий пациентов с ИЭ, развития заболевания, инициированного редкими для него формами микробных агентов у пациентов с ослабленным иммунитетом, особенности микробной флоры в зависимости от сроков развития клапанной инфекции после протезирования. Несмотря на представления о преобладании того или иного микроорганизма как возбудителя ИЭ в конкретной клинической ситуации, при оказании помощи таким пациентам следует стремиться к точной верификации этиологического фактора для выбора эффективной антибактериальной терапии.

The review contains information about the most common pathogens of infective endocarditis (IE) in certain categories of patients. Basing on analysis of current national and foreign sources concerning IE study there are description of conditions favoring to dominance of various microorganisms in intravenous drug users, HIV-infected patients, patients on hemodialysis, with valve prostheses, diabetes mellitus and malignant neoplasm patients, elderly patients, and pregnant women.

Distribution of both as typical for IE (staphylococci, streptococci, enterococci) and rare microorganisms as well polymicrobial endocarditis in mentioned above groups is considered. There is discussion about possible reasons of prevalence of methicillin-sensitive or methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus species in different IE patient categories, disease development initiated by rare forms of microbial agents in immunosuppressive patients, microbial flora features depending on terms valvular infection after valve prosthetics. Despite on consideration about predominance of one or another microorganism as an etiologic agent of IE in given clinical situation, during medical help providing it should strive for precise verification of an etiologic factor for choice of effective antibacterial treatment.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.