<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">avk</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Архивъ внутренней медицины</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The Russian Archives of Internal Medicine</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2226-6704</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2411-6564</issn><publisher><publisher-name>“SINAPS” LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.20514/2226-6704-2023-13-1-57-64</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">avk-1562</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ХРОНИЧЕСКИЕ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЯ ПЕЧЕНИ  И СOVID-19: БАЗА ДАННЫХ МНОГОПРОФИЛЬНОГО СТАЦИОНАРА</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Chronic Liver Diseases and COVID-19:  Database of General Hospital</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8819-8511</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ситникова</surname><given-names>Е. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sitnikova</surname><given-names>E. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Екатерина Юрьевна Ситникова</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterina Yu. Sitnikova</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">fire0808@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6029-1864</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ильченко</surname><given-names>Л. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ilchenko</surname><given-names>L. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1003-539X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Федоров</surname><given-names>И. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fedorov</surname><given-names>I. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1699-0881</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Никитин</surname><given-names>И. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikitin</surname><given-names>I. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Кафедра госпитальной терапии имени академика Г.И. Сторожакова лечебного факультета Федерального государственного автономного образовательного учреждения высшего образования «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н.И. Пирогова» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Department of Hospital Therapy named after Academician G.I. Storozhakov Medical Faculty N.I. Pirogov Russian national research medical university</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Кафедра госпитальной терапии имени академика Г.И. Сторожакова лечебного факультета Федерального государственного автономного образовательного учреждения высшего образования «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н.И. Пирогова» Минздрава России; Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «Федеральный научный центр исследований и разработки иммунобиологических препаратов им. М.П. Чумакова РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Department of Hospital Therapy named after Academician G.I. Storozhakov Medical Faculty N.I. Pirogov Russian national research medical university; Federal state autonomous scientific institution «Chumakov Federal scientific center for research and development of immune-and- biological products of Russian academy of sciences» (Institute of poliomyelitis)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Кафедра госпитальной терапии имени академика Г.И. Сторожакова лечебного факультета Федерального государственного автономного образовательного учреждения высшего образования «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н.И. Пирогова» Минздрава России; Государственное бюджетное учреждение здравоохранения «Городская клиническая больница имени В.М. Буянова» Департамента здравоохранения города Москвы</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Department of Hospital Therapy named after Academician G.I. Storozhakov Medical Faculty N.I. Pirogov Russian national research medical university; State Clinical hospital named after V.M. Buyanov</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>25</day><month>01</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>13</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>57</fpage><lpage>64</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ситникова Е.Ю., Ильченко Л.Ю., Федоров И.Г., Никитин И.Г., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ситникова Е.Ю., Ильченко Л.Ю., Федоров И.Г., Никитин И.Г.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Sitnikova E.Y., Ilchenko L.Y., Fedorov I.G., Nikitin I.G.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.medarhive.ru/jour/article/view/1562">https://www.medarhive.ru/jour/article/view/1562</self-uri><abstract><p> </p><p>Пациенты с хроническими заболеваниями печени (ХЗП) относятся к группе высокого риска инфицирования и тяжелого течения COVID-19 (Corona Virus Disease, коронавирусная инфекция 2019 года).</p><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель: создание базы данных (БД) пациентов с ХЗП, включающей анализ частоты выявления маркеров SARS-CoV-2, причин госпитализации, оценку 30-дневной летальности при наличии маркеров COVID-19 и в отсутствии инфекции.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Проведено одномоментное ретроспективное обсервационное сравнительное исследование, результатом которого стало создание БД. Проанализированы 693 электронные медицинские карты пациентов с ХЗП различной этиологии, госпитализированных в терапевтические отделения ГКБ им. В.М. Буянова ДЗМ за период 01.04.2020–01.10.2021 гг. Анализ включал следующие параметры: пол, возраст, этиологию заболевания, причины госпитализации, наличие рибонуклеиновой кислоты (РНК) SARS-CoV-2 в мазке слизистой носа и ротоглотки, антител к SARS-CoV-2 иммуноглобулинов классов M, G (IgM, IgG), исход заболевания (30-дневная летальность).</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Маркеры перенесенной новой коронавирусной инфекции (IgG) обнаружены у 268 (38,7 %), РНК SARS-CoV-2 выявлена у 67 (9,7 %). При анализе причин госпитализации установлено преобладание отечно-асцитического синдрома (64,5 %), нарастание печеночной энцефалопатии (31,6 %) и увеличение количества случаев тромбоза воротной вены (ТВВ) (8,9 %). При оценке 30-дневной летальности выявлены достоверные различия у пациентов с алкогольной болезнью печени (АБП), хроническими вирусными гепатитами (ХВГ) при наличии маркеров COVID-19 и в случаях их отсутствия.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Маркеры SARS-CoV-2 обнаружены у 335 (48,3 %) пациентов с ХЗП. Основная причина госпитализации — появление/нарастание отечно-асцитического синдрома, в том числе вследствие ТВВ. 30-дневная летальность в постковидном периоде достоверно выше при АБП в сравнении с пациентами без перенесенного COVID-19 (218 (34,9 %) и 300 (25,3 %), соответственно, р = 0,0246).</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Patients with chronic liver diseases (CLD) are at high risk of infection and severe COVID-19 (Corona Virus Disease).</p><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim: to create a database of patients with CLD, including an analysis of the frequency of detection of SARS-CoV-2 markers, the causes of hospitalization, an assessment of 30-day mortality in the presence of COVID-19 markers and in the absence of infection.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. A one-time retrospective observational comparative study was conducted, the result of which was the creation of a database. 693 electronic case hystories of patients with CLD of various etiologies hospitalized in the V.M. Buyanov State Clinical Hospital for the period 01.04.2020–01.10.2021 were analyzed. Th e analysis included the following parameters: gender, age, etiology of the disease, reasons for hospitalization, the presence of ribonucleic acid (RNA) SARS-CoV-2 in a smear of the nasal mucosa and oropharynx, antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulins of classes M, G (IgM, IgG), the outcome of the disease (30-day mortality).</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Markers of past new coronavirus infection (IgG) were detected in 268 (38,7 %), SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in 67 (9,7 %). Th e analysis of the causes of hospitalization revealed the predominance of edematous ascitic syndrome (64,5 %), an increase in hepatic encephalopathy (31,6 %) and an increase in the number of cases of portal vein thrombosis (PVT) (8,9 %). When assessing the 30-day mortality, signifi cant diff erences were found in patients with Alcohol-related liver disease (ARLD), chronic viral hepatitis in the presence of COVID-19 markers and in cases of their absence.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. SARSCoV-2 markers were found in 335 (48,3 %) of patients with CLD. Th e main reason for hospitalization is the appearance /increase of edematous ascitic syndrome, including due to PVT. 30-day mortality in the postcovid period is signifi cantly higher (р = 0,0246) in ARLD compared with patients without COVID-19 (218 (34,9 %) и 300 (25,3 %), respectively, р = 0,0246).</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>хронические заболевания печени</kwd><kwd>база данных</kwd><kwd>летальность</kwd><kwd>алкогольная болезнь печени</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>chronic liver disease</kwd><kwd>database</kwd><kwd>mortality</kwd><kwd>alcoholic liver disease</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Scialo F., Daniele A., Amato F., et al. ACE2: The Major Cell Entry Receptor for SARS-CoV-2. Lung. 2020; 6(198): 867-877. doi:10.1007/s00408-020-00408-4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Scialo F., Daniele A., Amato F., et al. ACE2: The Major Cell Entry Receptor for SARS-CoV-2. Lung. 2020; 6(198): 867-877. doi:10.1007/s00408-020-00408-4.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fenizia C., Galbiati S., Vanetti C., et al. SARS-CoV-2 Entry: At the Crossroads of CD147 and ACE2. Cells. 2021; 6(10): 1434. doi:10.3390/cells10061434.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fenizia C., Galbiati S., Vanetti C., et al. SARS-CoV-2 Entry: At the Crossroads of CD147 and ACE2. Cells. 2021; 6(10): 1434. doi:10.3390/cells10061434.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Casey S., Schierwagen R., Mak K.Y., et al. Activation of the Alternate Renin-Angiotensin System Correlates with the Clinical Status in Human Cirrhosis and Corrects Post Liver Transplantation. J Clin Med. 2019; 4(8): 419. doi:10.3390/jcm8040419.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Casey S., Schierwagen R., Mak K.Y., et al. Activation of the Alternate Renin-Angiotensin System Correlates with the Clinical Status in Human Cirrhosis and Corrects Post Liver Transplantation. J Clin Med. 2019; 4(8): 419. doi:10.3390/jcm8040419.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Udugama B., Kadhiresan P., Kozlowski H.N., et al. Diagnosing COVID-19: The Disease and Tools for Detection. ACS Nano. 2020; 4(14): 3822–3835. doi:10.1021/acsnano.0c02624.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Udugama B., Kadhiresan P., Kozlowski H.N., et al. Diagnosing COVID-19: The Disease and Tools for Detection. ACS Nano. 2020; 4(14): 3822–3835. doi:10.1021/acsnano.0c02624.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ильченко Л.Ю., Никитин И.Г., Федоров И.Г. COVID-19 и поражение печени. Архивъ внутренней медицины. 2020; 3(10): 188-197. doi:10.20514/2226-6704-2020-10-3-188-197.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ilchenko L.Yu., Nikitin I.G., Fedorov I.G. COVID-19 and Liver Damage. The Russian Archives of Internal Medicine. 2020; 3(10): 188-197. doi:10.20514/2226-6704-2020-10-3-188-197. [In Russian].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ge J., Pletcher M., Lai J. N3C Consortium Outcomes of SARSCoV-2 infection in patients with chronic liver disease and cirrhosis: a National COVID cohort collaborative study. Gastroenterology. 2021; 5(161): 1487-1501. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2021.07.010.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ge J., Pletcher M., Lai J. N3C Consortium Outcomes of SARSCoV-2 infection in patients with chronic liver disease and cirrhosis: a National COVID cohort collaborative study. Gastroenterology. 2021; 5(161): 1487-1501. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2021.07.010.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Стопкоронавирус.рф. 2021. [Электронный ресурс]. URL:https://xn--80aesfpebagmfblc0a.xn--p1ai (дата обращения: 29.11.2022).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stopcoronavirus.rf. 2021. [Electronic resource]. URL:https://xn-80aesfpebagmfblc0a.xn--p1ai (date of the application: 29.11.2022). [In Russian].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kunutsor S., Laukkanen J. Incidence of venous and arterial thromboembolic complications in COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Thromb Res. 2020; 196: 27–30. doi:10.1016/j.thromres.2020.08.022.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kunutsor S., Laukkanen J. Incidence of venous and arterial thromboembolic complications in COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Thromb Res. 2020; 196: 27–30. doi:10.1016/j.thromres.2020.08.022.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Northup P., Garcia-Pagan J., Garcia-Tsao G. et al. Vascular Liver Disorders, Portal Vein Thrombosis, and Procedural Bleeding in Patients With Liver Disease: 2020 Practice Guidance by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases. Hepatology. 2021; 1(73): 366-413. doi:10.1002/hep.31646.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Northup P., Garcia-Pagan J., Garcia-Tsao G. et al. Vascular Liver Disorders, Portal Vein Thrombosis, and Procedural Bleeding in Patients With Liver Disease: 2020 Practice Guidance by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases. Hepatology. 2021; 1(73): 366-413. doi:10.1002/hep.31646.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лазебник Л.Б., Тарасова Л.В., Комарова Е.А. и др. Изменение концентрации аммиака и других биохимических показателей у пациентов с новой коронавирусной инфекцией. Экспериментальная и клиническая гастроэнтерология. 2021; (4): 76-83. doi:10.31146/1682-8658ecg-188-4-76-83.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lazebnik L.B., Tarasova L.V., Komarova E.A., et al. Change in concentration of ammonia and other biochemical indicators in patients with new coronaviral infection. Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology. 2021; (4): 76-83. doi:10.31146/16828658-ecg-188-4-76-83. [In Russian].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Marjot T., Moon A., Cook J. et al. Outcomes following SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with chronic liver disease: An international registry study. J Hepatol. 2021; 3(74): 567-577. doi:1 0.1016/j.jhep.2020.09.024.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Marjot T., Moon A., Cook J. et al. Outcomes following SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with chronic liver disease: An international registry study. J Hepatol. 2021; 3(74): 567-577. doi:1 0.1016/j.jhep.2020.09.024.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Szabo G., Saha B. Alcohol’s Effect on Host Defense. Alcohol Res. 2015; 2(37): 159-170.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Szabo G., Saha B. Alcohol’s Effect on Host Defense. Alcohol Res. 2015; 2(37): 159-170.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Butt A.A, Yan P., Chotani R.A. Mortality is not increased in SARSCoV-2 infected persons with hepatitis C virus infection. Liver Int. 2021; 8(41): 1824-1831. doi:10.1111/liv.14804.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Butt A.A, Yan P., Chotani R.A. Mortality is not increased in SARSCoV-2 infected persons with hepatitis C virus infection. Liver Int. 2021; 8(41): 1824-1831. doi:10.1111/liv.14804.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сарыглар А.А., Донгак С.О., Исаева О.В. и др. Материалы XIV Ежегодного Всероссийского Конгресса по инфекционным болезням им. академика В.И. Покровского. 2022: 145-146.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Saryglar A.A., Dongak S.O., Isayeva O.V., et al. Materials of XIV Annual All-Russian Congress on Infectious Diseases named after academician V.I. Pokrovsky. 2022: 145-146. [In Russian].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhu J.H, Peltekian K.M. HBV coinfection and in-hospital outcomes for COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Can Liver J. 2021; 1(4): 16-22. doi:10.3138/canlivj-2020-0029.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhu J.H, Peltekian K.M. HBV coinfection and in-hospital outcomes for COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Can Liver J. 2021; 1(4): 16-22. doi:10.3138/canlivj-2020-0029.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sarialioğlu F., Belen F.B., Hayran K.M. Hepatitis A susceptibility parallels high COVID-19 mortality. Turk J Med Sci. 2021; 1(51): 382-384. doi:10.3906/sag-2007-133.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sarialioğlu F., Belen F.B., Hayran K.M. Hepatitis A susceptibility parallels high COVID-19 mortality. Turk J Med Sci. 2021; 1(51): 382-384. doi:10.3906/sag-2007-133.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ильченко Л.Ю., Федоров И.Г., Тотолян Г.Г. и др. Гиперферментемия после вакцинации против COVID-19: сложное уравнение с простыми переменными. Экспериментальная и клиническая гастроэнтерология. 2021; (10): 159-164. doi.org/10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-194-10-159-164.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ilchenko L.Yu., Fedorov I.G., Totolyan G.G. et al. Hyperenzymemia after vaccination against COVID-19: complex equation with simple variables. Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology. 2021; (10): 159-164. doi.org/10.31146/1682-8658ecg-194-10-159-164. [In Russian].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gambato M., Burra P. Clinical implications of COVID-19 in patients with chronic liver disease and liver tumor. Updates Surg. 2020; 72: 237–239. doi:10.1007/s13304-020-00804-8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gambato M., Burra P. Clinical implications of COVID-19 in patients with chronic liver disease and liver tumor. Updates Surg. 2020; 72: 237–239. doi:10.1007/s13304-020-00804-8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ge J., Digitale J.C., Pletcher M.J. et al. N3C Consortium. Breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 Infection Outcomes in Vaccinated Patients with Chronic Liver Disease and Cirrhosis: A National COVID Cohort Collaborative Study. Preprint. MedRxiv. 2022; 2022.02.25.22271490. doi:10.1101/2022.02.25.22271490.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ge J., Digitale J.C., Pletcher M.J. et al. N3C Consortium. Breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 Infection Outcomes in Vaccinated Patients with Chronic Liver Disease and Cirrhosis: A National COVID Cohort Collaborative Study. Preprint. MedRxiv. 2022; 2022.02.25.22271490. doi:10.1101/2022.02.25.22271490.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Moon A.M, Webb G.J, García-Juárez I., et al. SARS-CoV-2 Infections Among Patients With Liver Disease and Liver Transplantation Who Received COVID-19 Vaccination. Hepatol Commun. 2022; 4(6): 889-897. doi:10.1002/hep4.1853.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Moon A.M, Webb G.J, García-Juárez I., et al. SARS-CoV-2 Infections Among Patients With Liver Disease and Liver Transplantation Who Received COVID-19 Vaccination. Hepatol Commun. 2022; 4(6): 889-897. doi:10.1002/hep4.1853.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
