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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">avk</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Архивъ внутренней медицины</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The Russian Archives of Internal Medicine</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2226-6704</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2411-6564</issn><publisher><publisher-name>“SINAPS” LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.20514/2226-6704-2023-13-3-181-195</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">GGLHPG</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">avk-1613</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ОСОБЕННОСТИ ДИАГНОСТИКИ И ТЕЧЕНИЯ ГИПЕРТРОФИЧЕСКОЙ КАРДИОМИОПАТИИ В РЕАЛЬНОЙ КЛИНИЧЕСКОЙ ПРАКТИКЕ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Features of Diagnostics and Course of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy in Real Clinical Practice</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Резник</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Reznik</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Нгуен</surname><given-names>Т. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nguyen</surname><given-names>T. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дикаева</surname><given-names>М. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dikaeva</surname><given-names>M. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сиренова</surname><given-names>И. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sirenova</surname><given-names>I. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Саликов</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Salikov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гаврилова</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gavrylova</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Платонова</surname><given-names>Е. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Platonova</surname><given-names>E. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Голухов</surname><given-names>Г. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Golukhov</surname><given-names>G. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО РНИМУ им. Н.И. Пирогова МЗ РФ; ГБУЗ ГКБ № 31 ДЗМ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pirogov Russian national research medical University of the Ministry of healthcare of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО РНИМУ им. Н.И. Пирогова МЗ РФ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pirogov Russian national research medical University of the Ministry of healthcare of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУЗ ГКБ им. В.М. Буянова ДЗМ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>City Clinical Hospital n.a. V.M. Buyanova of Healthcare Department</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУЗ ГКБ им. В.М. Буянова ДЗМ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>City Clinical Hospital n.a. V.M. Buyanova of Healthcare Department of Moscow</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУЗ ГКБ № 31 ДЗМ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>City Clinical Hospital № 31 of Healthcare Department of Moscow</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>07</day><month>06</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>13</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>181</fpage><lpage>195</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Резник Е.В., Нгуен Т.Л., Дикаева М.С., Сиренова И.О., Саликов А.В., Гаврилова О.В., Платонова Е.Н., Голухов Г.Н., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Резник Е.В., Нгуен Т.Л., Дикаева М.С., Сиренова И.О., Саликов А.В., Гаврилова О.В., Платонова Е.Н., Голухов Г.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Reznik E.V., Nguyen T.L., Dikaeva M.S., Sirenova I.O., Salikov A.V., Gavrylova O.V., Platonova E.N., Golukhov G.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.medarhive.ru/jour/article/view/1613">https://www.medarhive.ru/jour/article/view/1613</self-uri><abstract><p>Введение и цель. Гипертрофическая кардиомиопатия (ГКМП) характеризуется наличием утолщения стенки левого желудочка (ЛЖ), не связанного с увеличением постнагрузки (артериальной гипертензией и стенозом устья аорты). В большинстве случаев ГКМП обусловлена мутациями в генах саркомерных белков и наследуется по аутосомно-доминантному механизму. В ряде случаев ГКМП может быть обусловлена накоплением в миокарде таких веществ, как амилоид, гликоген и др. Целью нашей работы стало проанализировать особенности диагностики и течения ГКМП в реальной клинической практике. Материал и методы. Проведен ретроспективный анализ медицинской документации 80 пациентов (56,3 % мужчин) с ГКМП, диагностированной в многопрофильном стационаре г.Москвы в период с 2007 по 2021 год. Диагноз ГКМП у всех пациентов был установлен на основании данных эхокардиографии. Медиана (здесь и далее в скобках указаны 25и 75-процентили) возраста составила 57 (48,5; 63) лет. Продолжительность госпитализации составила 8 (6; 12,5) дней. Результаты. Причиной госпитализации являлись синдром стенокардии у 35 %, подозрение на острый коронарный синдром у 16,3 %, пароксизм фибрилляции предсердий (ФП) у 11,3 %, другие нарушения ритма у 2,5 %, декомпенсация хронической сердечной недостаточности у 11,3 %, обмороки у 7,5 %, гипертонический криз у 3,8 %, необходимость проведения коронароангиографии у 3,8 %, постановки электрокардиостимулятора у 2,5 %, имплантации кардиовертера-дефибриллятора у 1,2 %, медицинского освидетельствования для решения вопроса о годности к воинской службе у 1,2 %, острое нарушение мозгового кровообращения у 1,2 %, гипотония у 1,2 %, лекарственная брадикардия у 1,2 % пациентов. До анализируемой госпитализации инфаркт миокарда в анамнезе был диагностирован у 15 %, артериальная гипертензия — у 53,8 %, хроническая сердечная недостаточность — у 77,6 %, хроническая болезнь почек — у 21,3 % пациентов. Толщина стенки ЛЖ ≥1,5 см выявлена у 91,2 %. Cимметричная форма гипертрофии ЛЖ имела место у 22,1 %, апикальная — у 5,2 %, гипертрофия папиллярной мышцы — у 1,3 %, ассиметричная гипертрофия межжелудочковой перегородки — у 71,4 % пациентов. Постоянная обструкция выносящего тракта ЛЖ (ОВТ ЛЖ) выявлена у 62,8 % (9,0 % пациентов была выполнена септальная редукция в анамнезе), преходящая ОВТ ЛЖ — у 1,3 %, необструктивная ГКМП — у 35,9 %. Фракция выброса (ФВ) ЛЖ (по Симпсону) составила 63 (55-70)%, ХСН со сниженной ФВ ЛЖ &lt;40 % выявлена у 3,8 %, с умеренно сниженной ФВ ЛЖ (40-49 %) — у 5 %, с сохраненной ФВ ЛЖ — у 68,8 % пациентов. У 47,5 % имело место переднесистолическое движение передней створки митрального клапана, у 7,14 % описано пролабирование передней створки митрального клапана. Митральная регургитация зарегистрирована у 75 % пациентов. Фибрилляцией предсердий (ФП) страдали 45 % пациентов с ГКМП: постоянной формой 15 %, пароксизмальной 23,8 %, персистирующей 6,2 % пациентов. За время госпитализации желудочковая тахикардия зарегистрирована у 7,5 %, наджелудочковая тахикардия — у 3,8 %. Нарушения проводимости отмечены у 36,3 % пациентов, из них атриовентрикулярная блокада у 6,3 %, блокада правой ножки пучка Гиса у 21,3 %, левой ножки — у 15 %, синдром Вольффа–Паркинсона–Уайта — у 1,3 %. Имплантация электрокардиостимулятора в анамнезе была у 5 %, в том числе в связи с приступами Морганьи-Эдамса-Стокса — у 3,8 % пациентов. За время наблюдения, медиана которого составила 87 (интерквартильный размах 45-131,5) месяцев, умерло 13,8 % пациентов с ГКМП. У умерших пациентов достоверно чаще встречалась ОВТ ЛЖ (у умерших 100 %, у живых 58,2 %, р = 0,006) и ФП (у умерших 72,7 %, у живых 40,6 %, р=0,047). Генетическое тестирование и исключение фенокопий ГКМП не было проведено во время госпитализации и не было рекомендовано ни одному больному. Заключение. В реальной клинической практике в большинстве случаев проводится лишь фенотипическая диагностика ГКМП по данным эхокардиографии, не проводится скрининг на генетические мутации и инфильтративные заболевания сердца, фенотипически неотличимые от ГКМП. Необходимо широкое внедрение генетического тестирования и скрининга на инфильтративные заболевания сердца для своевременной диагностики патологии, требующей назначения специфической патогенетической терапии для улучшения прогноза пациентов.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Introduction and purpose. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is characterized by left ventricular (LV) wall thickening not associated with increased afterload (hypertension and aortic stenosis), is usually caused by mutations in sarcomeric protein genes, and is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner. Unlike HCM, myocardial hypertrophy in its phenocopies is associated with the accumulation of substances such as amyloid, glycogen, etc. in the myocardium. The aim of our work was to analyze the features of the diagnosis and course of HCM in real clinical practice. Material and methods. A retrospective analysis of medical records of 80 patients (56.3 % of men) discharged with a diagnosis of HCM from a multidisciplinary hospital in Moscow in the period from 2007 to 2021 was carried out. The diagnosis of HCM in all patients was established on the basis of echocardiography data. The median age (25th and 75th percentiles are indicated in brackets) was 57 (48.5; 63) years. The duration of hospitalization was 8 (6; 12.5) days. Results. The reason for hospitalization was angina syndrome in 35 %, suspicion of acute coronary syndrome in 16.3 %, paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF) in 11.3 %, decompensation of chronic heart failure in 11.3 %, syncope in 7.5 % %, hypertensive crisis in 3.8 %, coronary angiography in 3.8 %, pacemaker implantation in 2.5 %, consultation with an arrhythmologist in 2.5 %, implantation of a cardioverter-defibrillator in 1.2 %, medical examination to resolve the issue of fitness for military service in 1.2 %, acute cerebrovascular accident in 1.2 %, hypotension in 1.2 %, drug bradycardia in 1.2 % of patients. Before hospitalization, a history of myocardial infarction was diagnosed in 15 %, arterial hypertension — in 53.8 %, chronic heart failure — in 77.6 %, chronic kidney disease — in 21.3 % of patients. Prior to the analyzed hospitalization, a history of myocardial infarction was diagnosed in 15 %, arterial hypertension in 53.8 %, chronic heart failure in 77.6 %, chronic kidney disease in 21.3 % of patients. LV wall thickness ≥1.5 cm was detected in 91.2 %, symmetrical form of hypertrophy — 22.1 %, apical — 5.2 %, papillary muscle hypertrophy — 1.3 %, interventricular septum — 71.4 % of patients. Permanent obstruction of the LV outflow tract (LVOTO) was detected in 62.8 % (9.0 % of patients had a history of septal reduction), transient LVOTO — in 1.3 %, non-obstructive HCM — in 35.9 %. The ejection fraction (EF) of the LV (according to Simpson) was 63 (55-70) %, CHF with reduced LV EF &lt;40 % was detected in 3.8 %, with a moderately reduced LV EF (40-49 %) — in 5 %, with preserved LV EF — in 68.8 % of patients. Anterior systolic movement of the anterior leaflet of the mitral valve occurred in 47.5 %, prolapse of the anterior leaflet of the mitral valve was described in 7.14 %. Mitral regurgitation was registered in 75 % of patients. 45 % of patients with HCM suffered from AF: permanent 15 %, paroxysmal 23.8 %, persistent 6.2 % of patients. During hospitalization, ventricular tachycardia was registered in 7.5 %, supraventricular tachycardia — 3.8 %, conduction disturbances were noted in 36.3 % of patients, of which atrioventricular block in 6.3 %, blockade of the right bundle branch block in 21.3 %, left bundle branch block in 15 %, and Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome in 1.3 % . Implantation of a pacemaker in history was in 5 %, including in connection with MorgagniAdams-Stokes attacks — in 3.8 % of patients. During a median follow-up of 87 (interquartile range 45–131.5) months, 13.8 % of patients with HCM died. In deceased patients, LVOTO was significantly more common (in the dead 100 %, in the living 58.2 %, p = 0.006) and AF (in the dead 72.7 %, in the living 40.6 %, p = 0.047). Genetic testing and exclusion of HCM phenocopies was not performed during hospitalization and was not recommended for any patient. Conclusion. In real clinical practice, in most cases, only phenotypic diagnosis of HCM is carried out according to echocardiography, and screening for genetic mutations and HCM phenocopies is not performed. It is necessary to widely introduce genetic testing and screening for HCM phenocopies for the timely diagnosis of pathology that requires the appointment of specific pathogenetic therapy to improve the prognosis of patients</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>инфильтративные заболевания сердца</kwd><kwd>гипертрофическая кардиомиопатия</kwd><kwd>хроническая сердечная недостаточность</kwd><kwd>фенокопии</kwd><kwd>генетика</kwd><kwd>вторичная ГКМП</kwd><kwd>амилоидоз</kwd><kwd>болезнь Фабри</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>infiltrative heart disease</kwd><kwd>hypertrophic cardiomyopathy</kwd><kwd>chronic heart failure</kwd><kwd>phenocopies</kwd><kwd>genetics</kwd><kwd>secondary HCM</kwd><kwd>amyloidosis</kwd><kwd>Fabry disease</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Maron B.J. 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