avkАрхивъ внутренней медициныThe Russian Archives of Internal Medicine2226-67042411-6564“SINAPS” LLC10.20514/2226-6704-2023-13-6-436-448avk-1692Research ArticleОБЗОРНЫЕ СТАТЬИREVIEW ARTICLESЭпидемиология, клинические особенности и тактика лечения артериальной гипертонии у пациентов с сахарным диабетом 2 типа. Обзор литературыEpidemiology and Clinical Features of Arterial Hypertension in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Literature Reviewhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3611-1186ИгнатенкоГ. А.IgnatenkoG. A.

Донецк

Donetsk

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2592-0906БагрийА. Э.BagriyA. E.

Донецк

Donetsk

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9128-2511ПриколотаА. В.PrikolotaA. V.

Алина Вадимовна Приколота

Донецк

Alina V. Prikolota

Donetsk

prikav@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2127-6925ПриколотаО. А.PrikolotaO. A.

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Donetsk

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8625-1406МихайличенкоЕ. С.MykhailichenkoE. S.

Донецк

Donetsk

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5839-1409АршавскаяИ. А.ArshavskayaI. A.

Донецк

Donetsk

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1912-5052МогилевскаяК. Э.MogilevskayaK. E.

Донецк

Donetsk

ФГБОУ ВО «Донецкий Государственный Медицинский Университет им. М. Горького», Министерства Здравоохранения Российской ФедерацииРоссияFederal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «M. Gorky Donetsk State Medical University» of the Ministry of Health of the Russian FederationRussian Federation202312012024136436448Copyright © Игнатенко Г.А., Багрий А.Э., Приколота А.В., Приколота О.А., Михайличенко Е.С., Аршавская И.А., Могилевская К.Э., 20242024Игнатенко Г.А., Багрий А.Э., Приколота А.В., Приколота О.А., Михайличенко Е.С., Аршавская И.А., Могилевская К.Э.Ignatenko G.A., Bagriy A.E., Prikolota A.V., Prikolota O.A., Mykhailichenko E.S., Arshavskaya I.A., Mogilevskaya K.E.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.medarhive.ru/jour/article/view/1692

Артериальная гипертония и сахарный диабет 2 типа часто сочетаются и взаимно усиливают неблагоприятное влияние на сосудистый и почечный прогноз. Артериальная гипертония представлена примерно у 50 % больных с сахарным диабетом 2 типа, а диабет в свою очередь выявляется приблизительно у 20 % лиц с артериальной гипертонией. Риск развития артериальной гипертонии у больных с сахарным диабетом 2 типа в 2-2,5 раза выше, чем у лиц без диабета; во столько же раз наличие артериальной гипертонии увеличивает риск формирования сахарного диабета 2 типа. Артериальная гипертония и диабет взаимно отягощают течение друг друга: с одной стороны, наличие артериальной гипертонии существенно увеличивает вероятность развития диабетических макро- и микрососудистых осложнений (включая диабетические нефропатию и ретинопатию); с другой стороны, сахарный диабет 2 типа, как классический независимый фактор сердечно-сосудистого риска, примерно в 2 раза повышает риск осложнений, присущих артериальной гипертонии. Тщательное лечение диабета с поддержанием целевых значений гликемии в течение длительного времени может быть ассоциировано со снижением вероятности развития артериальной гипертонии на 24 % в сравнении с менее адекватным контролем гликемии. Артериальная гипертония при сахарном диабете 2 типа может иметь ряд особенностей, которые отличают таких больных от общей популяции лиц с артериальной гипертонией. К таким особенностям относятся: более высокий удельный вес изолированной систолической артериальной гипертонии и резистентной артериальной гипертонии, определенных типов нарушений циркадного ритма артериального давления (категорий «non-dipper» и «night-peaker»); частое сочетание с альбуминурией; нередкие высокая солечувствительность и объем-зависимый характер артериальной гипертонии и другие.

Hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus are often combined and mutually enhance the adverse effect on vascular and renal prognosis. Hypertension is present in about 50 % of patients with type 2 diabetes, and diabetes, in turn, is detected in about 20 % of people with hypertension. The risk of developing hypertension in patients with type 2 diabetes is 2-2.5 times higher than in people without diabetes; the presence of hypertension increases the risk of type 2 diabetes by the same number of times. Hypertension and diabetes mutually burden each other: on the one hand, the presence of hypertension significantly increases the likelihood of developing diabetic macro- and microvascular complications (including diabetic nephropathy and retinopathy); on the other hand, type 2 diabetes, as a classic independent cardiovascular risk factor, increases the risk of complications inherent in hypertension by about 2 times Careful treatment of diabetes with maintenance of target values of glycemia for a long time may be associated with a decrease in the likelihood of developing hypertension by 24 % compared with less adequate control of glycemia. Hypertension in type 2 diabetes may have a number of features that distinguish such patients from the general population of people with hypertension. Such features include a higher proportion of isolated systolic hypertension and resistant hypertension, certain types of circadian rhythm disorders of blood pressure (categories “non-dipper” and “night-peaker”), frequent combination with albuminuria, frequent high salt sensitivity and volume-dependent nature of hypertension, and others.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.