avkАрхивъ внутренней медициныThe Russian Archives of Internal Medicine2226-67042411-6564“SINAPS” LLC10.20514/2226-6704-2024-14-2-85-95avk-1747Research ArticleЛЕКЦИИLECTURESРоль микроРНК и ретроэлементов в патогенезе атеросклерозаRole of MicroRNAs and Retroelements in the Pathogenesis of Atherosclerosishttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4091-382XМустафинР. Н.MustafinR. N.

Рустам Наилевич Мустафин

Уфа

Rustam N. Mustafin

Ufa

ruji79@mail.ruГалиеваЭ. А.GalievaE. A.

Уфа

Ufa

ФГБОУ ВО «Башкирский государственный медицинский университет»РоссияBashkir State Medical UniversityRussian FederationФГБОУ ВО «Уфимский университет науки и технологий»РоссияUfa University of Science and TechnologyRussian Federation2024050420241428595Copyright © Мустафин Р.Н., Галиева Э.А., 20242024Мустафин Р.Н., Галиева Э.А.Mustafin R.N., Galieva E.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.medarhive.ru/jour/article/view/1747

Атеросклероз является ведущей причиной сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний среди взрослого населения. Характерно значительное увеличение распространенности атеросклероза с возрастом, что свидетельствует о возможном влиянии на развитие болезни механизмов старения, в том числе изменений эпигенетических факторов, обусловленных регуляторным влиянием транспозонов. Триггерами атеросклероза являются также вирусные инфекции, которые способствуют активации ретроэлементов и стимуляции интерферонового ответа продуктами их экспрессии с развитием хронического воспаления, с нарушением регуляции генов иммунной системы, микроРНК и длинных некодирующих РНК. Перспективным направлением лечения атеросклероза является эпигенетическое воздействие на экспрессию специфических генов, вовлеченных в патогенез атеросклероза с помощью малых интерферирующих РНК. В данном отношении прошли клинические испытания препараты инклисиран и олпасиран, показавшие свою эффективность. Поэтому актуален поиск новых молекулярных мишеней в данном направлении, в качестве которых могут служить транспозоны, являющиеся источниками некодирующих РНК. Изменение активности ретроэлементов при старении оказывает глобальное регуляторное влияние на функционирование всего генома, способствуя развитию возрастассоциированной патологии. Анализ научной литературы позволил идентифицировать 29 произошедших от ретроэлементов микроРНК, изменения экспрессии которых определены как при старении, так и при атеросклерозе, что подтверждает предположение о роли активированных при старении ретроэлементов в развитии атеросклероза. Выявленные микроРНК предполагается использовать для таргетного воздействия с целью продления жизни и лечения атеросклероза.

Atherosclerosis is the leading cause of cardiovascular disease among adults. The incidence of atherosclerosis increases significantly with age, which indicates the possible influence of aging mechanisms on the development of the disease, including changes in epigenetic factors caused by pathological activation of transposable elements. Triggers of atherosclerosis are also viral infections, which promote the expression of retroelements that stimulate the interferon response with the development of chronic inflammation. Activated retroelements also alter the regulation of immune system genes and epigenetic factors, including the pathological production of microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs. A promising direction for atherosclerosis treatment is the epigenetic impact on the expression of specific genes involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis using small interfering RNAs. In this regard, the drugs inclisiran and olpasiran have undergone clinical trials and have shown their effectiveness. Therefore, it is important to search for new molecular targets in this direction, which can serve as transposons, which are sources of non-coding RNAs. Changes in the activity of retroelements during aging have a global regulatory effect on the functioning of the entire genome, contributing to the development of age-associated pathology. An analysis of the scientific literature made it possible to identify 29 microRNAs derived from retroelements, changes in the expression of which have been identified both during aging and atherosclerosis. These microRNAs can be used as tools for prolonging life and treating cardiovascular pathology. The results obtained also indicate that retroelements pathologically activated during aging cause the development of atherosclerosis.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.