<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">avk</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Архивъ внутренней медицины</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The Russian Archives of Internal Medicine</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2226-6704</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2411-6564</issn><publisher><publisher-name>“SINAPS” LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.20514/2226-6704-2025-15-3-178-186</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">CGWSYT</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">avk-2003</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEW ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Особенности ведения больных с НАЖБП и саркопенией</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Features of Management of Patients with NAFLD and Sarcopenia</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3306-0312</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Стаценко</surname><given-names>М. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Statsenko</surname><given-names>M. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Стаценко Михаил Евгеньевич — доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой внутренних болезней</p><p>Волгоград </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mikhail E. Statsenko– Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Head of the Department of Internal Diseases</p><p>Volgograd </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mestatsenko@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2375-517X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мязин</surname><given-names>Р. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Myazin</surname><given-names>R. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мязин Роман Геннадьевич — кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры внутренних болезней  </p><p>Волгоград </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Roman G. Myazin — Candidate of Medical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Internal Diseases </p><p>Volgograd </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">naclo@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7161-0381</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Устинова</surname><given-names>М. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ustinova</surname><given-names>M. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Устинова Маргарита Николаевна — кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры внутренних болезней  </p><p>Волгоград </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Margarita N. Ustinova — Candidate of Medical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Internal Diseases</p><p>Volgograd </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ooogram1@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5947-7992</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тумаренко</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tumarenko</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Тумаренко Александр Владимирович — кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры внутренних болезней </p><p>Волгоград </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander V. Tumarenko — Candidate of Medical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of I nternal Diseases</p><p>Volgograd </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">al.volga2017@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «ВолгГМУ» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>FSBEI HE «Volgograd State Medical University» of Public Health Ministry of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>26</day><month>05</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>178</fpage><lpage>186</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Стаценко М.Е., Мязин Р.Г., Устинова М.Н., Тумаренко А.В., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Стаценко М.Е., Мязин Р.Г., Устинова М.Н., Тумаренко А.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Statsenko M.E., Myazin R.G., Ustinova M.N., Tumarenko A.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.medarhive.ru/jour/article/view/2003">https://www.medarhive.ru/jour/article/view/2003</self-uri><abstract><p>С учетом роста заболеваемости неалкогольной жировой болезнью печени (НАЖБП) и демографического старения населения саркопения стала рассматриваться как одно из патологических состояний, участвующих в развитии и прогрессировании НАЖБП. Установлено, что НАЖБП и саркопения связаны с резистентностью к инсулину и атрофией скелетных мышц как органа-мишени инсулина. В патогенезе НАЖБП участвуют воспалительные цитокины с последующим распадом белков скелетных мышц, адипонектин, низкий уровень которого приводит к снижению чувствительности к инсулину, оксидативный стресс с активацией катаболических процессов и развитием атрофии мышц. Прогрессирование саркопении при НАЖБП является прогностическим фактором и увеличивает риск смертности. Саркопения, преиму щественно возникающая за счет снижения мышечной массы, в сочетании с увеличением висцерального жира, достаточно часто приводит к саркопеническому ожирению и при НАЖБП увеличивает риск сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний. Гипераммониемия, аномальная микробиота кишечника, липидные факторы также способствуют развитию саркопении у пациентов с НАЖБП. Учитывая общие патогенетические механизмы, указывающие на двунаправленную связь между саркопенией и НАЖБП, мультидисциплинарный подход к ведению больных с НАЖБП и саркопенией в настоящее время представляется наиболее оптимальным. Современные концептуальные стратегии направлены на раннюю диагностику НАЖБП и саркопении, оздоровление образа жизни таких больных, поиск эффективных лекарств, комплексное персонализированное лечение, профилактику прогрессирования данных заболеваний и их осложнений.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Nowadays non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and sarcopenia are actually considered as one of the pathological condition with involvement into development of pathology of liver and skeletal muscles. Scientists of different countries found that sarcopenia is associated with insulin resistance and skeletal muscle atrophy as an insulin target organ. Spredly known many cytokines of inflammation with variable affection of skeletal muscle proteins, low level of adiponectin, decreased insulin sensitivity, oxidative stress with activation of catabolism leading to muscle atrophy are involved into complicated pathogenesis of NAFLD. Progressive sarcopenia associated with NAFLD is prognostic factor and can increase the risk of mortality. Sarcopenia, which due to decreased skeletal muscle mass and increased visceral fat, very often provokes development of sarcopenic obesity and NAFLD. Hyperammonemia, abnormal intestinal microbiota, lipid factors also contribute to the development of sarcopenia in patients with NAFLD. Given the common pathogenetic mechanisms indicating a bidirectional relationship between sarcopenia and NAFLD, a multidisciplinary approach to the management of patients with NAFLD and sarcopenia could be the most optimal. Modern strategies are aimed at early diagnosis of NAFLD with sarcopenia, optimizing the lifestyle of these patients, searching for effective drugs, personalizing treatment and prevention of the progression of these diseases and their complications.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>неалкогольная жировая болезнь печени</kwd><kwd>саркопения</kwd><kwd>ожирение</kwd><kwd>мышечная масса</kwd><kwd>мышечная сила</kwd><kwd>мышечная функция</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>non-alcoholic fatty liver disease</kwd><kwd>sarcopenia</kwd><kwd>obesity</kwd><kwd>skeletal muscle mass</kwd><kwd>muscle strength</kwd><kwd>muscle function</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Targher G, Lonardo A, Byrne CD. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and chronic vascular complications of diabetes mellitus. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2018; 14(2): 99-114. doi: 10.1038/nrendo.2017.173.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Targher G, Lonardo A, Byrne CD. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and chronic vascular complications of diabetes mellitus. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2018; 14(2): 99-114. doi: 10.1038/nrendo.2017.173.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Targher G, Byrne CD, Lonardo A et al. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and risk of incident cardiovascular disease: A meta-analysis. J Hepatol. 2016; 65(3): 589-600. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2016.05.013.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Targher G, Byrne CD, Lonardo A et al. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and risk of incident cardiovascular disease: A meta-analysis. J Hepatol. 2016; 65(3): 589-600. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2016.05.013.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL); European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD); European Association for the Study of Obesity (EASO). EASL-EASD-EASO Clinical Practice Guidelines for the management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. J Hepatol. 2016; 64(6): 1388-402. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2015.11.004.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL); European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD); European Association for the Study of Obesity (EASO). EASL-EASD-EASO Clinical Practice Guidelines for the management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. J Hepatol. 2016; 64(6): 1388-402. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2015.11.004.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kumar R, Prakash SS, Priyadarshi RN et al. Sarcopenia in Chronic Liver Disease: A Metabolic Perspective. J Clin Transl Hepatol. 2022; 10(6): 1213-1222. doi: 10.14218/JCTH.2022.00239.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kumar R, Prakash SS, Priyadarshi RN et al. Sarcopenia in Chronic Liver Disease: A Metabolic Perspective. J Clin Transl Hepatol. 2022; 10(6): 1213-1222. doi: 10.14218/JCTH.2022.00239.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Baumgartner RN. Body composition in healthy aging. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2000; 904: 437-48. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2000.tb06498.x.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Baumgartner RN. Body composition in healthy aging. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2000; 904: 437-48. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2000.tb06498.x.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cruz-Jentoft AJ, Baeyens JP, Bauer JM et al; European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People. Sarcopenia: European consensus on definition and diagnosis: Report of the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People. Age Ageing. 2010; 39(4): 412-23. doi: 10.1093/ageing/afq034.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cruz-Jentoft AJ, Baeyens JP, Bauer JM et al; European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People. Sarcopenia: European consensus on definition and diagnosis: Report of the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People. Age Ageing. 2010; 39(4): 412-23. doi: 10.1093/ageing/afq034.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cruz-Jentoft AJ, Bahat G, Bauer J et al; Writing Group for the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People 2 (EWGSOP2), and the Extended Group for EWGSOP2. Sarcopenia: revised European consensus on definition and diagnosis. Age Ageing. 2019 Jan 1;48(1):16-31. doi: 10.1093/ageing/afy169. Erratum in: Age Ageing. 2019; 48(4): 601. doi: 10.1093/ageing/afz046.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cruz-Jentoft AJ, Bahat G, Bauer J et al; Writing Group for the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People 2 (EWGSOP2), and the Extended Group for EWGSOP2. Sarcopenia: revised European consensus on definition and diagnosis. Age Ageing. 2019 Jan 1;48(1):16-31. doi: 10.1093/ageing/afy169. Erratum in: Age Ageing. 2019; 48(4): 601. doi: 10.1093/ageing/afz046.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cai C, Song X, Chen Y et al. Relationship between relative skeletal muscle mass and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Hepatol Int. 2020;14(1): 115-126. doi: 10.1007/s12072-019-09964-1.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cai C, Song X, Chen Y et al. Relationship between relative skeletal muscle mass and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Hepatol Int. 2020;14(1): 115-126. doi: 10.1007/s12072-019-09964-1.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Golabi P, Gerber L, Paik JM et al. Contribution of sarcopenia and physical inactivity to mortality in people with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. JHEP Rep. 2020; 2(6): 100171. doi: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2020.100171.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Golabi P, Gerber L, Paik JM et al. Contribution of sarcopenia and physical inactivity to mortality in people with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. JHEP Rep. 2020; 2(6): 100171. doi: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2020.100171.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Petta S, Ciminnisi S, Di Marco V et al. Sarcopenia is associated with severe liver fibrosis in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2017; 45(4): 510-518. doi: 10.1111/apt.13889.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Petta S, Ciminnisi S, Di Marco V et al. Sarcopenia is associated with severe liver fibrosis in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2017; 45(4): 510-518. doi: 10.1111/apt.13889.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hsu CS, Kao JH. Sarcopenia and chronic liver diseases. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2018;12(12):1229-1244. doi: 10.1080/1747412 4.2018.1534586.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hsu CS, Kao JH. Sarcopenia and chronic liver diseases. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2018;12(12):1229-1244. doi: 10.1080/1747412 4.2018.1534586.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lee YH, Kim SU, Song K et al. Sarcopenia is associated with significant liver fibrosis independently of obesity and insulin resistance in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Nationwide surveys (KNHANES 2008- 2011). Hepatology. 2016; 63(3): 776-86. doi: 10.1002/hep.28376.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lee YH, Kim SU, Song K et al. Sarcopenia is associated with significant liver fibrosis independently of obesity and insulin resistance in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Nationwide surveys (KNHANES 2008- 2011). Hepatology. 2016; 63(3): 776-86. doi: 10.1002/hep.28376.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hong HC, Hwang SY, Choi HY et al. Relationship between sarcopenia and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: the Korean Sarcopenic Obesity Study. Hepatology. 2014; 59(5): 1772-8. doi: 10.1002/hep.26716.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hong HC, Hwang SY, Choi HY et al. Relationship between sarcopenia and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: the Korean Sarcopenic Obesity Study. Hepatology. 2014; 59(5): 1772-8. doi: 10.1002/hep.26716.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Koo BK, Kim D, Joo SK et al. Sarcopenia is an independent risk factor for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and significant fibrosis. J Hepatol. 2017; 66(1): 123-131. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2016.08.019..</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Koo BK, Kim D, Joo SK et al. Sarcopenia is an independent risk factor for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and significant fibrosis. J Hepatol. 2017; 66(1): 123-131. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2016.08.019..</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Qiu J, Tsien C, Thapalaya S et al. Hyperammonemia-mediated autophagy in skeletal muscle contributes to sarcopenia of cirrhosis. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2012; 303(8): E983-93. doi: 10.1152/ajpendo.00183.2012.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Qiu J, Tsien C, Thapalaya S et al. Hyperammonemia-mediated autophagy in skeletal muscle contributes to sarcopenia of cirrhosis. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2012; 303(8): E983-93. doi: 10.1152/ajpendo.00183.2012.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lee YH, Jung KS, Kim SU et al. Sarcopaenia is associated with NAFLD independently of obesity and insulin resistance: Nationwide surveys (KNHANES 2008-2011). J Hepatol. 2015; 63(2): 486-93. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2015.02.051.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lee YH, Jung KS, Kim SU et al. Sarcopaenia is associated with NAFLD independently of obesity and insulin resistance: Nationwide surveys (KNHANES 2008-2011). J Hepatol. 2015; 63(2): 486-93. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2015.02.051.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Joo SK, Kim W. Interaction between sarcopenia and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Clin Mol Hepatol. 2023; 29(Suppl): S68-S78. doi: 10.3350/cmh.2022.0358.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Joo SK, Kim W. Interaction between sarcopenia and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Clin Mol Hepatol. 2023; 29(Suppl): S68-S78. doi: 10.3350/cmh.2022.0358.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lattanzi B, D’Ambrosio D, Merli M. Hepatic Encephalopathy and Sarcopenia: Two Faces of the Same Metabolic Alteration. J Clin Exp Hepatol. 2019; 9(1): 125-130. doi: 10.1016/j.jceh.2018.04.007.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lattanzi B, D’Ambrosio D, Merli M. Hepatic Encephalopathy and Sarcopenia: Two Faces of the Same Metabolic Alteration. J Clin Exp Hepatol. 2019; 9(1): 125-130. doi: 10.1016/j.jceh.2018.04.007.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Iwaki M, Kobayashi T, Nogami A et al. Impact of Sarcopenia on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Nutrients. 2023; 15(4): 891. doi: 10.3390/nu15040891.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Iwaki M, Kobayashi T, Nogami A et al. Impact of Sarcopenia on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Nutrients. 2023; 15(4): 891. doi: 10.3390/nu15040891.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kessoku T, Kobayashi T, Imajo K et al. Endotoxins and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2021; 12: 770986. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2021.770986.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kessoku T, Kobayashi T, Imajo K et al. Endotoxins and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2021; 12: 770986. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2021.770986.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Katsagoni CN, Georgoulis M, Papatheodoridis GV et al. Effects of lifestyle interventions on clinical characteristics of patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A meta-analysis. Metabolism. 2017; 68: 119-132. doi: 10.1016/j.metabol.2016.12.006.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Katsagoni CN, Georgoulis M, Papatheodoridis GV et al. Effects of lifestyle interventions on clinical characteristics of patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A meta-analysis. Metabolism. 2017; 68: 119-132. doi: 10.1016/j.metabol.2016.12.006.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vilar-Gomez E, Martinez-Perez Y, Calzadilla-Bertot L et al. Weight Loss Through Lifestyle Modification Significantly Reduces Features of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis. Gastroenterology. 2015; 149(2): 367- 78.e5; quiz e14-5. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2015.04.005.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vilar-Gomez E, Martinez-Perez Y, Calzadilla-Bertot L et al. Weight Loss Through Lifestyle Modification Significantly Reduces Features of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis. Gastroenterology. 2015; 149(2): 367- 78.e5; quiz e14-5. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2015.04.005.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ивашкин В.Т., Маевская М.В., Жаркова М.С и др. Клинические рекомендации Российского общества по изучению печени, Российской гастроэнтерологической ассоциации, Российской ассоциации эндокринологов, Российской ассоциации геронтологов и гериатров и Национального общества профилактической кардиологии по диагностике и лечению неалкогольной жировой болезни печени. Российский журнал гастроэнтерологии, гепатологии, колопроктологии. 2022; 32(4): 104-140. https://doi.org/10.22416/1382-4376-2022-32-4-104-140.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ivashkin V.T., Maevskaya M.V., Zharkova M.S et al. Clinical Practice Guidelines of the Russian Scientific Liver Society, Russian Gastroenterological Association, Russian Association of Endocrinologists, Russian Association of Gerontologists and Geriatricians and National Society for Preventive Cardiology on Diagnosis and Treatment of Non-Alcoholic Liver Disease. Russian Journal of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Coloproctology. 2022; 32(4): 104-140. https://doi.org/10.22416/1382-4376-2022-32-4-104-140 [in Russian].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wong VW, Wong GL, Chan RS et al. Beneficial effects of lifestyle intervention in non-obese patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. J Hepatol. 2018; 69(6): 1349-1356. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2018.08.011.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wong VW, Wong GL, Chan RS et al. Beneficial effects of lifestyle intervention in non-obese patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. J Hepatol. 2018; 69(6): 1349-1356. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2018.08.011.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Volkert D, Beck AM, Cederholm T et al. ESPEN practical guideline: Clinical nutrition and hydration in geriatrics. C lin Nutr. 2022; 41(4): 958-989. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2022.01.024.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Volkert D, Beck AM, Cederholm T et al. ESPEN practical guideline: Clinical nutrition and hydration in geriatrics. C lin Nutr. 2022; 41(4): 958-989. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2022.01.024.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bloom I, Shand C, Cooper C et al. Diet Quality and Sarcopenia in Older Adults: A Systematic Review. Nutrients. 2018; 10(3): 308. doi: 10.3390/nu10030308.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bloom I, Shand C, Cooper C et al. Diet Quality and Sarcopenia in Older Adults: A Systematic Review. Nutrients. 2018; 10(3): 308. doi: 10.3390/nu10030308.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ramadas A, Law HH, Krishnamoorthy R et al. Diet Quality and Measures of Sarcopenia in Developing Economies: A Systematic Review. Nutrients. 2022; 14(4): 868. doi: 10.3390/nu14040868.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ramadas A, Law HH, Krishnamoorthy R et al. Diet Quality and Measures of Sarcopenia in Developing Economies: A Systematic Review. Nutrients. 2022; 14(4): 868. doi: 10.3390/nu14040868.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cacciatore S, Calvani R, Marzetti E et al. Low Adherence to Mediterranean Diet Is Associated with Probable Sarcopenia in CommunityDwelling Older Adults: Results from the Longevity Check-Up (Lookup) 7+ Project. Nutrients. 2023; 15(4): 1026. doi: 10.3390/nu15041026.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cacciatore S, Calvani R, Marzetti E et al. Low Adherence to Mediterranean Diet Is Associated with Probable Sarcopenia in CommunityDwelling Older Adults: Results from the Longevity Check-Up (Lookup) 7+ Project. Nutrients. 2023; 15(4): 1026. doi: 10.3390/nu15041026.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dongiovanni P, Petta S, Mannisto V et al. Statin use and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in at risk individuals. J Hepatol. 2015; 63(3): 705-12. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2015.05.006.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dongiovanni P, Petta S, Mannisto V et al. Statin use and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in at risk individuals. J Hepatol. 2015; 63(3): 705-12. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2015.05.006.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Athyros VG, Boutari C, Stavropoulos K et al. Statins: An Under-Appreciated Asset for the Prevention and the Treatment of NAFLD or NASH and the Related Cardiovascular Risk. Curr Vasc Pharmacol. 2018; 16(3): 246-253. doi: 10.2174/1570161115666170621082910.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Athyros VG, Boutari C, Stavropoulos K et al. Statins: An Under-Appreciated Asset for the Prevention and the Treatment of NAFLD or NASH and the Related Cardiovascular Risk. Curr Vasc Pharmacol. 2018; 16(3): 246-253. doi: 10.2174/1570161115666170621082910.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sahebkar A, Cicero AFG, Di Giosia P et al. Pathophysiological mechanisms of statin-associated myopathies: possible role of the ubiquitin-proteasome system. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2020; 11(5): 1177-1186. doi: 10.1002/jcsm.12579.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sahebkar A, Cicero AFG, Di Giosia P et al. Pathophysiological mechanisms of statin-associated myopathies: possible role of the ubiquitin-proteasome system. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2020; 11(5): 1177-1186. doi: 10.1002/jcsm.12579.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kostapanos MS, Kei A, Elisaf MS. Current role of fenofibrate in the prevention and management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. World J Hepatol. 2013; 5(9): 470-8. doi: 10.4254/wjh.v5.i9.470.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kostapanos MS, Kei A, Elisaf MS. Current role of fenofibrate in the prevention and management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. World J Hepatol. 2013; 5(9): 470-8. doi: 10.4254/wjh.v5.i9.470.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Crisan E, Patil VK. Neuromuscular Complications of Statin Therapy. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 2020; 20(10): 47. doi: 10.1007/s11910-020-01064-0.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Crisan E, Patil VK. Neuromuscular Complications of Statin Therapy. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 2020; 20(10): 47. doi: 10.1007/s11910-020-01064-0.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jacobson TA, Cheeley MK, Jones PH et al. The STatin Adverse Treatment Experience Survey: Experience of patients reporting side effects of statin therap y. J Clin Lipidol. 2019; 13(3): 415-424. doi: 10.1016/j.jacl.2019.04.011.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jacobson TA, Cheeley MK, Jones PH et al. The STatin Adverse Treatment Experience Survey: Experience of patients reporting side effects of statin therap y. J Clin Lipidol. 2019; 13(3): 415-424. doi: 10.1016/j.jacl.2019.04.011.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pacana T, Sanyal AJ. Vitamin E and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2012; 15(6): 641-8. doi: 10.1097/MCO.0b013e328357f747.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pacana T, Sanyal AJ. Vitamin E and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2012; 15(6): 641-8. doi: 10.1097/MCO.0b013e328357f747.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sanyal AJ, Chalasani N, Kowdley KV et al; NASH CRN. Pioglitazone, vitamin E, or placebo for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. N Engl J Med. 2010; 362(18): 1675-85. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa0907929.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sanyal AJ, Chalasani N, Kowdley KV et al; NASH CRN. Pioglitazone, vitamin E, or placebo for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. N Engl J Med. 2010; 362(18): 1675-85. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa0907929.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Balmer ML, Siegrist K, Zimmermann A et al. Effects of ursodeoxycholic acid in combination with vitamin E on adipokines and apoptosis in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Liver Int. 2009; 29(8): 1184-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1478-3231.2009.02037.x.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Balmer ML, Siegrist K, Zimmermann A et al. Effects of ursodeoxycholic acid in combination with vitamin E on adipokines and apoptosis in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Liver Int. 2009; 29(8): 1184-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1478-3231.2009.02037.x.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ratziu V, de Ledinghen V, Oberti F et al. A randomized controlled trial of high-dose ursodesoxycholic acid for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. J Hepatol. 2011; 54(5): 1011-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2010.08.030</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ratziu V, de Ledinghen V, Oberti F et al. A randomized controlled trial of high-dose ursodesoxycholic acid for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. J Hepatol. 2011; 54(5): 1011-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2010.08.030</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gallo P, Flagiello V, Falcomatà A et al. Approaching the Sarcopenic Patient with Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis-related Cirrhosis. J Clin Transl Hepatol. 2024; 12(3): 278-286. doi: 10.14218/JCTH.2023.00207.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gallo P, Flagiello V, Falcomatà A et al. Approaching the Sarcopenic Patient with Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis-related Cirrhosis. J Clin Transl Hepatol. 2024; 12(3): 278-286. doi: 10.14218/JCTH.2023.00207.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Corona G, Goulis DG, Huhtaniemi I et al. European Academy of Andrology (EAA) guidelines on investigation, treatment and monitoring of functional hypogonadism in males: Endorsing organization: European Society of Endocrinology. Andrology. 2020; 8(5): 970-987. doi: 10.1111/andr.12770.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Corona G, Goulis DG, Huhtaniemi I et al. European Academy of Andrology (EAA) guidelines on investigation, treatment and monitoring of functional hypogonadism in males: Endorsing organization: European Society of Endocrinology. Andrology. 2020; 8(5): 970-987. doi: 10.1111/andr.12770.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rolland Y, Dray C, Vellas B et al. Current and investigational medications for the treatment of sarcopenia. Metabolism. 2023; 149: 155597. doi: 10.1016/j.metabol.2023.155597.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rolland Y, Dray C, Vellas B et al. Current and investigational medications for the treatment of sarcopenia. Metabolism. 2023; 149: 155597. doi: 10.1016/j.metabol.2023.155597.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kenny AM, Boxer RS, Kleppinger A et al. Dehydroepiandrosterone combined with exercise improves muscle strength and physical function in frail older women. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2010;58(9):1707-14. doi: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2010.03019.x.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kenny AM, Boxer RS, Kleppinger A et al. Dehydroepiandrosterone combined with exercise improves muscle strength and physical function in frail older women. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2010;58(9):1707-14. doi: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2010.03019.x.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Song Y, Wu Z, Zhao P. The Function of Metformin in Aging-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders. Front Pharmacol. 2022;13:865524. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2022.865524.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Song Y, Wu Z, Zhao P. The Function of Metformin in Aging-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders. Front Pharmacol. 2022;13:865524. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2022.865524.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit44"><label>44</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kulkarni AS, Gubbi S, Barzilai N. Benefits of Metformin in Attenuating the Hallmarks of Aging. Cell Metab. 2020;32(1):15-30. doi: 10.1016/j.cmet.2020.04.001.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kulkarni AS, Gubbi S, Barzilai N. Benefits of Metformin in Attenuating the Hallmarks of Aging. Cell Metab. 2020;32(1):15-30. doi: 10.1016/j.cmet.2020.04.001.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit45"><label>45</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chow LS, Gerszten RE, Taylor JM et al. Exerkines in health, resilience and disease. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2022;18(5):273-289. doi: 10.1038/s41574-022-00641-2.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chow LS, Gerszten RE, Taylor JM et al. Exerkines in health, resilience and disease. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2022;18(5):273-289. doi: 10.1038/s41574-022-00641-2.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit46"><label>46</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Prokopidis K, Chambers E, Ni Lochlainn M et al. Mechanisms Linking the Gut-Muscle Axis With Muscle Protein Metabolism and Anabolic Resistance: Implications for Older Adults at Risk of Sarcopenia. Front Physiol. 2021;12:770455. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2021.770455.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Prokopidis K, Chambers E, Ni Lochlainn M et al. Mechanisms Linking the Gut-Muscle Axis With Muscle Protein Metabolism and Anabolic Resistance: Implications for Older Adults at Risk of Sarcopenia. Front Physiol. 2021;12:770455. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2021.770455.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit47"><label>47</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">De Spiegeleer A, Wynendaele E, Descamps A et al. The bacterial quorum sensing peptide iAM373 is a novel inducer of sarcopenia. Clin Transl Med. 2022;12(10):e1053. doi: 10.1002/ctm2.1053.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">De Spiegeleer A, Wynendaele E, Descamps A et al. The bacterial quorum sensing peptide iAM373 is a novel inducer of sarcopenia. Clin Transl Med. 2022;12(10):e1053. doi: 10.1002/ctm2.1053.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit48"><label>48</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pillon NJ, Bilan PJ, Fink LN et al. Cross-talk between skeletal muscle and immune cells: muscle-derived mediators and metabolic implications. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2013;304(5):E453-65. doi: 10.1152/ajpendo.00553.2012.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pillon NJ, Bilan PJ, Fink LN et al. Cross-talk between skeletal muscle and immune cells: muscle-derived mediators and metabolic implications. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2013;304(5):E453-65. doi: 10.1152/ajpendo.00553.2012.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit49"><label>49</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lancaster GI, Febbraio MA. The immunomodulating role of exercise in metabolic disease. Trends Immunol. 2014;35(6):262-9. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2014.02.008.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lancaster GI, Febbraio MA. The immunomodulating role of exercise in metabolic disease. Trends Immunol. 2014;35(6):262-9. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2014.02.008.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit50"><label>50</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kivelä R, Kyröläinen H, Selänne H et al. A single bout of exercise with high mechanical loading induces the expression of Cyr61/CCN1 and CTGF/CCN2 in human skeletal muscle. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2007;103(4):1395-401. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00531.2007.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kivelä R, Kyröläinen H, Selänne H et al. A single bout of exercise with high mechanical loading induces the expression of Cyr61/CCN1 and CTGF/CCN2 in human skeletal muscle. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2007;103(4):1395-401. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00531.2007.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
