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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">avk</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Архивъ внутренней медицины</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The Russian Archives of Internal Medicine</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2226-6704</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2411-6564</issn><publisher><publisher-name>“SINAPS” LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.20514/2226-6704-2025-15-3-199-205</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">HJYYBD</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">avk-2005</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Клиническая характеристика нейрофиброматоза 1-го типа в республике Башкортостан</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Clinical Characteristics of Neurofibromatosis Type 1 in the Republic of Bashkortostan</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4091-382X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мустафин</surname><given-names>Р. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mustafin</surname><given-names>R. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мустафин Рустам Наилевич — к.б.н., доцент кафедры медицинской генетики и фундаментальной медицины</p><p>Уфа</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Rustam N. Mustafin — PhD, associate professor of the department of Medical Genetics and Fundamental Medicine</p><p>Ufa </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ruji79@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Башкирский государственный медицинский университет»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Bashkir State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>26</day><month>05</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>199</fpage><lpage>205</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Мустафин Р.Н., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Мустафин Р.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Mustafin R.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.medarhive.ru/jour/article/view/2005">https://www.medarhive.ru/jour/article/view/2005</self-uri><abstract><p>Актуальность. Нейрофиброматоз 1-го типа (НФ1) — это наследственный опухолевый синдром, встречающийся с частотой 1:3164 населения в мире. Болезнь характеризуется тяжелыми клиническими проявлениями в виде множественных кожных и подкожных опухолей, плексиформных нейрофибром, скелетных аномалий, когнитивных расстройств и различных осложнений. Цель исследования. Определение частоты встречаемости НФ1 в Республике Башкортостан и ее динамики, клинических особенностей НФ1 для совершенствования организационных и лечебно-диагностических подходов при оказании медицинской помощи пациентам с НФ1. Материал и методы. Проведено клинико-эпидемиологическое исследование больных НФ1 в Республике Башкортостан и сравнительный анализ с данными за 2009 и 2021 годы. Результаты. В Республике Башкортостан зарегистрировано 544 больных НФ1 из 433 семей в возрасте от 1 до 85 лет (средний возраст 30 лет и 7 месяцев), частота встречаемости составила 1:7407 человек. Характерные для НФ1 пигментные пятна определены у всех пациентов, кожные и подкожные нейрофибромы у 58 %, плексиформные нейрофибромы — у 7 %, сколиоз — у 17,4 %. Трудности в обучении выявлены у 14 %, эпилепсия — у 3,7 %, гидроцефалия — у 4 %, глиомы зрительных нервов — у 6 %, опухоли головного мозга — у 4 % больных. Обсуждение. Сравнительный анализ особенностей клинических проявлений НФ1 у больных из Республики Башкортостан с мировыми данными показал достоверно более редкое выявление нейрофибром, узелков Лиша, глиом зрительных нервов, нарушений интеллекта и психологических расстройств. Количество пациентов с НФ1 в республике увеличилось в 2,3 раза за 15 лет и на 35 % за последние 3 года. Более того, 4 больных с плексиформными нейрофибромами получают ингибитор митоген-активируемой протеинкиназы, показавший свою эффективность. Заключение. Полученные результаты свидетельствуют о повышении количества зарегистрированных случаев НФ1 за последние годы и необходимости мультидисциплинарного подхода в исследовании пациентов в связи с достоверно низкой частотой регистрации характерных симптомов болезни.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Relevance. Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is a hereditary tumor syndrome occurring with a frequency of 1:3164 of the world’s population. The disease is characterized by severe clinical manifestations such as multiple cutaneous and subcutaneous tumors, plexiform neurofibromas, skeletal abnormalities, cognitive disorders and various complications. The aim of the study. To determine the frequency of NF1 in the Republic of Bashkortostan and its dynamics, clinical features of NF1 to improve organizational and therapeutic and diagnostic approaches in providing medical care to patients with NF1.Material and methods. A clinical and epidemiological study of NF1 patients in the Republic of Bashkortostan and a comparative analysis with data for 2009 and 2021 were conducted. Results. In the Republic of Bashkortostan, 544 patients with NF1 from 433 families aged 1 to 85 years (average age 30 years and 7 months) were registered, the incidence rate is 1:7407 people. Pigment spots were identified in all patients, cutaneous and subcutaneous neurofibromas in 58 %, plexiform neurofibromas in 7 %, scoliosis in 17.4 %. Learning difficulties were identified in 14 %, epilepsy in 3.7 %, hydrocephalus in 4 %, optic nerve gliomas in 6 %, and brain tumors in 4 % of NF1 patients from the republic. Discussion. A comparative analysis of the characteristics of NF1 in patients from the Republic of Bashkortostan with global data showed a significantly rarer detection of neurofibromas, Lisch nodules, optic nerve gliomas, intellectual disabilities and psychological disorders. The number of patients with NF1 in the republic has increased by 2.3 times in 15 years and by 35 % in the last 3 years. Moreover, 4 patients with plexiform neurofibromas are receiving a mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitor, which has proven its effectiveness. Conclusion. The obtained results indicate an increase in the number of registered cases of NF1 in recent years, but the need for a multidisciplinary approach in the study of patients due to the reliably low frequency of registration of characteristic symptoms of the disease.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ген NF1</kwd><kwd>диагностика</kwd><kwd>лечение</kwd><kwd>нейрофиброматоз 1-го типа</kwd><kwd>нейрофибромы</kwd><kwd>опухоли</kwd><kwd>частота встречаемости</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>NF1 gene</kwd><kwd>diagnosis</kwd><kwd>treatment</kwd><kwd>neurofibromatosis type 1</kwd><kwd>neurofibromas</kwd><kwd>tumors</kwd><kwd>incidence</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lee T.J., Chopra M., Kim R.H. et al. Incidence and prevalence of neurofibromatosis type 1 and 2: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Orphanet. J. 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