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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">avk</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Архивъ внутренней медицины</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The Russian Archives of Internal Medicine</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2226-6704</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2411-6564</issn><publisher><publisher-name>“SINAPS” LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.20514/2226-6704-2025-15-5-358-366</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">LYRKDO</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">avk-2080</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Кластерный анализ в фенотипировании пациентов с тяжелой бронхиальной астмой</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Cluster Analysis in Phenotyping Patients with Severe Bronchial Asthma</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8010-1519</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Маймышева</surname><given-names>С. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Maimysheva</surname><given-names>S. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Маймышева Сауле Юрьевна — ассистент кафедры терапии </p><p>Семей</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Saule Yu. Maimysheva — Assistant Professor, Department of Therapy</p><p>Semey</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">maimysheva@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6664-3293</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Каражанова</surname><given-names>Л. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Karazhanova</surname><given-names>L. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Каражанова Людмила Кусаиновна — профессор, д.м.н., кафедра терапии</p><p>Семей</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Lyudmila K. Karazhanova — Professor, Department of Therapy</p><p>Semey</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kar_ludmila@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2018-6186</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чиныбаева</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chinybaeva</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Чиныбаева Асель Абильбековна — PhD, доцент кафедры кардиологии </p><p>Астана</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Assel A. Chinybaeva — PhD, Assistant Professor, Department ofCardiology</p><p>Astana</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Chena@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7201-1399</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Орехов</surname><given-names>А. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Orekhov</surname><given-names>A. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Орехов Андрей Юрьевич — PhD, ассистент кафедры терапии </p><p>Семей</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrey Yu. Orekhov — PhD, Assistant Professor, Department ofTherapy</p><p>Semey</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">orekhovandrei@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>НАО «Медицинский университет Семей»</institution><country>Казахстан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>NCJSC «Semey Medical University»</institution><country>Kazakhstan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>НАО «Медицинский университет Астана»</institution><country>Казахстан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>NСJSC «Astana Medical University»</institution><country>Kazakhstan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>25</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>358</fpage><lpage>366</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Маймышева С.Ю., Каражанова Л.К., Чиныбаева А.А., Орехов А.Ю., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Маймышева С.Ю., Каражанова Л.К., Чиныбаева А.А., Орехов А.Ю.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Maimysheva S.Y., Karazhanova L.K., Chinybaeva A.A., Orekhov A.Y.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.medarhive.ru/jour/article/view/2080">https://www.medarhive.ru/jour/article/view/2080</self-uri><abstract><p>Один из десяти пациентов с бронхиальной астмой имеет тяжелую астму, которая характеризуется наличием нескольких клинических фенотипов. Цель исследования — идентификация клинических фенотипов пациентов с трудноконтролируемой и тяжелой БА на основе кластерного анализа. Материалы и методы. Проведено поперечное исследование с включением 200 пациентов с трудноконтролируемой БА. Критерии включения в исследование: тяжелая и трудноконтролируемая БА, все пациенты получали лечение согласно 4-5-й ступени согласно рекомендациям GINA; возраст старше 18 лет. Критерии исключения: наличие хронической обструктивной болезни легких, активное инфекционное заболевание, в том числе инфекции респираторной системы, онкологические заболевания, беременность. Всем пациентам проводились клинико-лабораторные исследования, а также исследовались уровни лептина, адипонектина, IL-6, IL-8, IL-4 и ФНО-α. С целью фенотипирования пациентов БА тяжелого течения был проведен кластерный анализ. Статистическую обработку данных проводили с помощью программ SPSS Statistics 20.0 и StatTech v. 4.7.2 (ООО «Статтех», Россия). Результаты. В исследовании было включено 200 пациентов, имеющих трудноконтролируемую БА, медиана возраста участников исследования составила 53,5 (39,0-59,25) лет. В результате кластерного анализа, выполненного методом k-средних, выделено 3 кластера. Были получены значимые различия в ИМТ, уровне эозинофилии и IgE, а также лептина (р&lt;0,001 при сравнении 3 кластеров). Также установлены различия в уровнях провоспалительных цитокинов, в первую очередь IL-4 (р=0,003 для 3 кластеров) и ФНО-α и IL-8 (р&lt;0,001 при сравнении 3 кластеров). Установлено, что развитие гиперэозинофилии у пациентов с трудноконтролируемой БА может быть опосредовано не только уровнем ИЛ-4 (1,326, 95 %ДИ 1,132-1,554), но и ФНО-α (ОШ 1,046, 95 %ДИ 1,022-1,07) и ИЛ-8 (ОШ 1,054, 95 %ДИ 1,024-1,085). Заключение. Нами идентифицировано 3 кластера пациентов с трудно-контролируемой бронхиальной астмой на основе изучения клинико-лабораторных и инструментальных данных. Каждый идентифицированный кластер характеризуется специфической комбинацией лабораторных маркеров, что </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>One in 10 patients with asthma suffers from severe asthma, which is characterized by the presence of several clinical phenotypes. The aim of the study is to identify the clinical phenotypes of patients with difficult-to-control and severe asthma based on cluster analysis. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted, including 200 patients with difficult-to-control asthma. Inclusion criteria: severe and difficult-to-control asthma, all patients received treatment according to the 4th-5th step of the provided guidelines (GINA); age over 18 years. Exclusion criteria: the presence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, active infectious diseases, including respiratory infections, oncological diseases, pregnancy. All patients underwent clinical and laboratory tests, and levels of leptin, adiponectin, IL-6, IL-8, IL-4, and TNF-α were measured. To phenotype patients with severe asthma, cluster analysis was performed. Statistical data processing was conducted using SPSS Statistics 20.0 and StatTech v. 4.7.2 (StatTech, Russia). Results: The study included 200 patients with difficult-to-control asthma, with a median age of 53.5 (39.0-59.25) years. As a result of the cluster analysis using the k-means method, 3 clusters were identified. Significant differences were found in BMI, eosinophil count, IgE levels, and leptin (p &lt; 0.001 when comparing the 3 clusters). Differences were also found in the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, primarily IL-4 (p=0.003 for the 3 clusters), TNF-α, and IL-8 (p &lt; 0.001 when comparing the 3 clusters). It was established that the development of hypereosinophilia in patients with difficult-to-control asthma may be mediated not only by the IL-4 level (1.326, 95 % CI 1.132-1.554), but also by TNF-α (OR 1.046, 95 % CI 1.022-1.07) and IL-8 (OR 1.054, 95 % CI 1.024-1.085). Conclusion: We identified 3 clusters of patients with difficult-to-control bronchial asthma based on the study of clinical, laboratory, and instrumental data. Each identified cluster is characterized by a specific combination of laboratory markers, which can be taken into account when further treating patients with this asthma phenotype.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>бронхиальная астма</kwd><kwd>кластерный анализ</kwd><kwd>цитокины</kwd><kwd>лептин</kwd><kwd>эозинофил</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>bronchial asthma</kwd><kwd>cluster analysis</kwd><kwd>cytokines</kwd><kwd>leptin</kwd><kwd>eosinophils</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Авторы заявляют об отсутствии финансирования при проведении исследования</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The authors declare no funding for this study.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Global Initiative for Asthma. 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