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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">avk</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Архивъ внутренней медицины</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The Russian Archives of Internal Medicine</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2226-6704</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2411-6564</issn><publisher><publisher-name>“SINAPS” LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.20514/2226-6704-2025-15-6-426-434</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">WYXFFH</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">avk-2129</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Клинико-эпидемиологические особенности туберозного склероза в республике Башкортостан</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Clinical and Epidemiological Characteristics of Tuberous Sclerosis in The Republic of Bashkortostan</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4091-382X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мустафин</surname><given-names>Р. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mustafin</surname><given-names>Rustam N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мустафин Рустам Наилевич — к.б.н., доцент кафедры </p><p>Уфа </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Rustam N. Mustafin — PhD, associate professor </p><p>Ufa </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ruji79@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Башкирский государственный медицинский университет»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Bashkir State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>01</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>426</fpage><lpage>434</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Мустафин Р.Н., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Мустафин Р.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Mustafin R.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.medarhive.ru/jour/article/view/2129">https://www.medarhive.ru/jour/article/view/2129</self-uri><abstract><p>Актуальность. Туберозный склероз (ТС) — это наследственный опухолевый синдром с аутосомно-доминантным типом наследования, встречающийся с частотой 1:6000 — 10000 новорожденных в мире. Болезнь характеризуется тяжелыми клиническими проявлениями в виде астроцитом головного мозга, рабдомиом сердца, ангиомиолипом почек, лимфангиолеомиоматоза легких и ангиофибром кожи. Поскольку для лечения болезни разработан эффективный метод лечения ингибиторами mTOR, актуально своевременное выявление пациентов с ТС. Цель исследования. Определение клинико-эпидемиологических особенностей ТС в Республике Башкортостан. Материалы и методы. Проведен ретроспективный анализ данных и исследование пациентов ТС в Республике Башкортостан. Результаты. В Республике Башкортостан зарегистрировано 86 пациентов ТС из 82 семей, частота встречаемости составила 1:47048 человек. Средний возраст пациентов составил 18,5 лет (от 1 года до 61 лет). Характерные для ТС пятна депигментации определены у 90 % пациентов, ангиофибромы лица — у 56 %, фиброзные бляшки головы — у 33 %, шагреневые бляшки — у 36 %, субэпендимальные узлы головного мозга — у 66 %, субэпендимальная гигантоклеточная астроцитома — у 19 %, ангиомиолипомы почек — у 43 %, лимфангиомиоматоз легких — у 1,2 %. Когнитивный дефицит выявлен у 47 %, эпилепсия — у 67 %, аутизм — у 1 % пациентов ТС. Обсуждение. Сравнительный анализ особенностей клинических проявлений ТС у пациентов из Республики Башкортостан с мировыми данными показал значимо более редкое выявление ангиофибром лица, опухолей легких, почек и головного мозга, когнитивных нарушений и аутизма. В Республике Башкортостан 8 пациентов с идентифицированными мутациями в генах TSC1/TSC2 получают лечение ингибитором mTOR. Заключение. Полученные результаты свидетельствуют о низкой частоте зарегистрированных случаев ТС в республике по сравнению с мировыми данными, в связи с чем необходимо ознакомление врачей всех специальностей о необходимости направления пациентов с симптомами, характерными для ТС, на медико-генетическую консультацию. Для достоверного выявления опухолей головного мозга и внутренних органов необходимы инструментальные исследования в динамике, оценка психологических нарушений у пациентов ТС с консультацией психотерапевтов, неврологов и психологов.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Relevance. Tuberous sclerosis (TS) is a hereditary tumor syndrome with autosomal dominant type of inheritance, occurring with frequency of 1:6000 — 10000 newborns worldwide. The disease is characterized by severe clinical manifestations in the form of astrocytomas of the brain, rhabdomyomas of the heart, angiomyolipomas of the kidneys, pulmonary lymphangioleomyomatosis and angiofibromas of the skin. Since effective treatment with mTOR inhibitors has been developed for TS, timely detection of patients with TS is important. The aim of the study. To determine the frequency and clinical features of TS in the Republic of Bashkortostan to improve organizational and therapeutic and diagnostic approaches in providing medical care to patients with TS. Material and methods. Determination of clinical and epidemiological features of TS in the Republic of Bashkortostan. Results. In the Republic of Bashkortostan, 86 patients with TS from 82 families were registered, the frequency of occurrence was 1:47048 people. The average age of patients was 18.5 years (from 1 year to 61 years). Depigmentation spots were found in 90 % of patients, facial angiofibromas in 56 %, head fibrous plaques in 33 %, shagreen plaques in 36 %, subependymal nodules of the brain in 66 %, and subependymal giant cell astrocytoma in 19 %, renal angiomyolipomas in 43 %, pulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis in 1.2 % of patients. Cognitive deficit was found in 47 %, epilepsy in 67 %, and autism in 1 % of patients with TS. Discussion. Comparative analysis of TS clinical manifestations in patients from the Republic of Bashkortostan with global data showed a significantly lower incidence of facial angiofibromas, lungs, kidneys and brain tumors, cognitive impairment and autism. 8 patients with identified mutations in the TSC1/TSC2 genes are treated with an mTOR inhibitor. Conclusion. The obtained results indicate a low frequency of registered cases of TS in the republic compared to world data. Therefore it is necessary to familiarize doctors of all specialties with the need to refer patients with symptoms characteristic of TS for medical genetic consultation. For reliable detection of tumors of the brain and internal organs, dynamic instrumental studies are necessary; assessment of psychological disorders in TS patients is necessary with consultation of psychotherapists, neurologists and psychologists.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ангиомиолипомы почек</kwd><kwd>астроцитомы</kwd><kwd>ген TSC1</kwd><kwd>ген TSC2</kwd><kwd>лимфангиолеомиоматоза легких</kwd><kwd>пятна депигментации</kwd><kwd>рабдомиомы сердца</kwd><kwd>туберозный склероз</kwd><kwd>частота встречаемости</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>renal angiomyolipomas</kwd><kwd>astrocytomas</kwd><kwd>TSC1 gene</kwd><kwd>TSC2 gene</kwd><kwd>pulmonary lymphangioleomyo matosis</kwd><kwd>depigmentation spots</kwd><kwd>cardiac rhabdomyomas</kwd><kwd>tuberous sclerosis</kwd><kwd>frequency of occurrence</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Liu M., Ye J., You X. 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