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<article article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">avk</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Архивъ внутренней медицины</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The Russian Archives of Internal Medicine</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2226-6704</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2411-6564</issn><publisher><publisher-name>“SINAPS” LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.20514/2226-6704-2026-16-4-260-266</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">CLNSLH</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">avk-2332</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEW ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Классификация диабета и персонифицированная терапия</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Clustering of Diabetes: Implications for Personalized Treatment</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9357-4983</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Абдель-Сатер</surname><given-names>Х. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Abdel-Sater</surname><given-names>Kh. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Халед А. Абдель-Сатер  — д.м.н., профессор кафедры медицинской физиологии стоматологических и медицинских наук, стоматологический факультет</p><p>Аль-Карак</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Khaled A. Abdel-Sater — MD, prof. of medical physiology, Department of Dental and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry</p><p>Alkarak</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Kabdelsater@mutah.edu.jo</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Университет Муты</institution><country>Иордания</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Mutah University</institution><country>Jordan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>13</day><month>08</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>16</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>260</fpage><lpage>266</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Абдель-Сатер Х.А., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Абдель-Сатер Х.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Abdel-Sater K.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.medarhive.ru/jour/article/view/2332">https://www.medarhive.ru/jour/article/view/2332</self-uri><abstract><p>Предпосылки. Исторически сахарный диабет подразделяют на следующие группы: сахарный диабет 1-го типа (СД1), сахарный диабет 2-го типа (СД2), гестационный диабет и другие специфические типы сахарного диабета. Новая модель классификации включает 5 групп: тяжелый аутоиммунный диабет (SAID), тяжелый инсулин-дефицитный диабет (SIDD), тяжелый инсулинорезистентный диабет (SIRD), связанный с ожирением диабет средней степени тяжести (MOD) и возрастной диабет средней степени тяжести (MARD). В основе новой классификации лежат 6 клинических переменных: возраст, индекс массы тела при постановке диагноза, показатели гликированного гемоглобина, антитела к декарбоксилазе глутаминовой кислоты, оценка гомеостатической модели функции бета-клеток 2 и резистентность к инсулину. Модель способствует назначению персонифицированной терапии и позволяет прогнозировать осложнения. Цель. В этом обзоре проводится оценка клинических и терапевтических аспектов применения классификации, основанной на 5 группах, с использованием данных, полученных в 2010–2023 годах, и анализируется влияние на эффективность терапии и персонифицированную помощь. Методы. Обзор ограничивался последними 15 годами и проводился с применением баз данных и платформ PubMed, Web of Science и Google Scholar. Использовались следующие термины: прецизионная терапия, подгруппы диабета, SAID, SIDD, SIRD, MOD и MIRD. В обзор включены доклинические и клинические данные исключительно на английском языке. Результаты. Основанная на 5 группах модель выявляет специфические клинические векторы: SIRD связан с нефропатией, SAID и SIDD вызывают большее количество осложнений (например, нейропатию, кетоацидоз) и имеют тяжелое течение. Метаболические расстройства и дисфункция органов (MARD и MOD), которые чаще встречаются у пациентов с ожирением, протекают в более легкой форме. Валидационные исследования выявили региональные и этнические различия в распространенности SIRD и MOD. В частности, представляется, что у жителей Южной Азии SIRD встречается чаще, чем у африканского населения, и MOD превалирует. В заключение, учитывая метаболический профиль при определении терапевтического подхода, основанный на 5 группах, метод способствует внедрению прецизионной медицины; терапия должна основываться на биологии.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Background: Diabetes mellitus traditionally classified into type 1 (T1D), type 2 (T2D), gestational, and other specific types. A novel five-cluster model severe autoimmune diabetes (SAID), severe insulin-deficient diabetes (SIDD), severe insulin-resistant diabetes (SIRD), mild obesity-related diabetes (MOD), and mild age-related diabetes (MARD). This new classification was based on six clinical variants: age, body-mass index at diagnosis, glycosylated hemoglobin, glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies, homeostasis model assessment 2 beta and insulin resistance. This model enhances personalized treatment and complication prediction. Objective: This review evaluates the clinical and therapeutic implications of the five-cluster classification, synthesizing evidence from 2010–2023 to assess its impact on treatment efficacy and personalized care. Methods: This review was limited to the last 15-years and was done using PubMed, Web of Science and Google Scholar. Terms used included “precision therapy,” “diabetes sub-categories,” “SAID,” “SIDD,” “SIRD,” “MOD” and “MIRD.” Only preclinical and clinical data in English were used. Results: The five-cluster model highlights specific clinical trajectories: SIRD is associated with nephropathy, while SAID and SIDD clusters have more complications (e.g., neuropathy, ketoacidosis) severity. The metabolic and organ dysfunction (MARD and MOD) that is more common in obesity, is less severe. Validation studies have brought attention to regional and ethnic disparities in the distribution of SIRD and MOD; specifically, it seems that South Asians have a higher incidence of SIRD than African cohorts, where MOD is more prevalent. In conclusion, by customizing therapeutic applications to metabolic profiles, the five-cluster method promotes precision medicine; therapy ought to be in line with biology. </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>резистентность к инсулину</kwd><kwd>осложнения диабета</kwd><kwd>прецизионная медицина</kwd><kwd>персонифицированная терапия</kwd><kwd>группы диабета</kwd><kwd>SAID</kwd><kwd>SIDD</kwd><kwd>SIRD</kwd><kwd>MOD</kwd><kwd>MIRD</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>insulin resistance</kwd><kwd>diabetic complications</kwd><kwd>precision medicine</kwd><kwd>individualized therapy</kwd><kwd>diabetes clusters</kwd><kwd>SAID</kwd><kwd>SIDD</kwd><kwd>SIRD</kwd><kwd>MOD and MIRD</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sun H., Saeedi P., Karuranga S., et al. 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