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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">avk</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Архивъ внутренней медицины</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The Russian Archives of Internal Medicine</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2226-6704</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2411-6564</issn><publisher><publisher-name>“SINAPS” LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.20514/2226-6704-2026-16-4-278-283</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">DOMKQD</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">avk-2337</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Ранние предикторы гестационного сахарного диабета и преэклампсии: обоснование персонализированной стратегии скрининга в I триместре</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Early Predictors of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Preeclampsia: Rationale for A Personalized Screening Strategy in The First Trimester</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-6770-390X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Есжанова</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yeszhanova</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Есжанова Алия Абдигалиевна  — ассистент кафедры акушерства и гинекологии</p><p>Астана</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aliya A. Yeszhanova  — Assistant, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology </p><p>Astana</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">a.eszhanova@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3014-0170</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бекетова</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Beketova</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бекетова Макпал Аманбаевна — магистр медицинских наук, ассистент кафедры акушерства и гинекологии</p><p>Астана</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Beketova Makpal Amanbaevna — Master of Science in Medicine, Assistant Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology</p><p>Astana</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">a.eszhanova@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>НАО «Медицинский университет Астана», кафедра акушерства и гинекологии № 2</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>NJSC «Astana Medical University», Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology No. 2</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>13</day><month>08</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>16</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>278</fpage><lpage>283</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Есжанова А.А., Бекетова М.А., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Есжанова А.А., Бекетова М.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Yeszhanova A.A., Beketova M.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.medarhive.ru/jour/article/view/2337">https://www.medarhive.ru/jour/article/view/2337</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель исследования: выявить ранние клинико-метаболические предикторы гестационного сахарного диабета (ГСД) и преэклампсии в I триместре беременности и обосновать необходимость персонализированной стратегии скрининга. Материалы и методы: Проведено ретроспективное когортное исследование типа «случай-контроль» на базе Многопрофильной городской больницы № 2 г. Астаны (n=600). Основную группу составили 300 беременных с ГСД, контрольную — 300 женщин с физиологической беременностью. Проанализированы антропометрические данные (ИМТ), анамнез и лабораторные показатели (глюкоза натощак, HbA1c) при постановке на учет до 12 недель. Статистический анализ включал U-критерий Манна-Уитни, расчет отношения шансов (OR) и ROC-анализ. Результаты: пациентки с ГСД имели достоверно более высокий ИМТ (ожирение у 31,0 % против 9,0 %, p &lt;0,001) и возраст. Частота преэклампсии в группе ГСД составила 7,3 % против 3,3 % в контроле; установлено, что наличие ГСД повышает риск развития преэклампсии более чем в два раза (OR=2,295; 95 % CI: 1,067–4,934). ROC-анализ выявил высокую диагностическую ценность отдельных маркеров в I триместре. Глюкоза натощак при пороговом значении &gt;4,49 ммоль/л показала чувствительность 71,6 % и специфичность 76,6 % (AUC=0,787; 95 % ДИ: 0,745–0,825). Гликированный гемоглобин (HbA1c) при уровне &gt;5,27 % продемонстрировал чувствительность 63,8 % и высокую специфичность 85,7 % (AUC=0,792; 95 % ДИ: 0,653–0,894). Разработанная комбинированная прогностическая модель (HbA1c + глюкоза натощак) показала наивысшую предсказательную ценность с площадью под ROC-кривой (AUC) 0,849, обеспечивая чувствительность 90,0 % и специфичность 78,2 %. Заключение: Гликированный гемоглобин и тощаковая гликемия в I триместре являются независимыми предикторами ГСД и ассоциированной преэклампсии. Внедрение балльной оценки риска при первой явке позволяет выделить группу для раннего начала персонализированной профилактики, не дожидаясь стандартных сроков перорального глюкозотолерантного теста (24–28 недель), что может снизить частоту акушерских осложнений. </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>To identify early clinical and metabolic predictors of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and preeclampsia in the first trimester of pregnancy and to justify the need for a personalized screening strategy. Materials and Methods: A retrospective case-control cohort study was conducted at the Multidisciplinary City Hospital No. 2 in Astana (n=600). The main group consisted of 300 pregnant women with GDM, and the control group comprised 300 women with physiological pregnancy. Anthropometric data (BMI), medical history, and laboratory indicators (fasting glucose, HbA1c) recorded at registration (up to 12 weeks) were analyzed. Statistical analysis included the Mann-Whitney U-test, odds ratio (OR) calculation, and ROC analysis. Results: Patients with GDM had significantly higher BMI (obesity in 31.0 % vs. 9.0 %, p&lt;0.001) and age. The incidence of preeclampsia in the GDM group was 7.3 % vs. 3.3 % in the control group; it was established that GDM increases the risk of preeclampsia by more than two times(OR=2.295; 95 % CI: 1.067–4.934). ROC analysis revealed high diagnostic value of individual markers in the first trimester. Fasting glucose at a threshold of &gt;4.49 mmol/L showed a sensitivity of 71.6 % and specificity of 76.6 % (AUC=0.787; 95 % CI: 0.745–0.825). Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) at a level &gt;5.27 % demonstrated a sensitivity of 63.9 % and high specificity of 85.7 % (AUC=0.792; 95 % CI: 0.653–0.894). The developed combined prognostic model (HbA1c + fasting glucose) showed the highest predictive value with an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.849, providing a sensitivity of 90.0 % and specificity of 78.2 %. Conclusion: Glycated hemoglobin and fasting glycemia in the first trimester are independent predictors of GDM and associated preeclampsia. Implementing a risk score assessment at the first antenatal visit allows for the identification of a group for early initiation of personalized prevention, without waiting for the standard OGTT timing (24–28 weeks), which may reduce the incidence of obstetric complications. </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>гестационный сахарный диабет</kwd><kwd>преэклампсия</kwd><kwd>ранний скрининг</kwd><kwd>HbA1c</kwd><kwd>прогнозирование</kwd><kwd>первый триместр</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>gestational diabetes mellitus</kwd><kwd>preeclampsia</kwd><kwd>early screening</kwd><kwd>HbA1c</kwd><kwd>prediction</kwd><kwd>first trimester</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chivese T., Hoegfeldt C.A., Werfalli M., et al. 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