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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">avk</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Архивъ внутренней медицины</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The Russian Archives of Internal Medicine</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2226-6704</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2411-6564</issn><publisher><publisher-name>“SINAPS” LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.20514/2226-6704-2018-8-1-12-21</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">avk-741</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEW ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>СЕРДЕЧНО-СОСУДИСТЫЕ И МЕТАБОЛИЧЕСКИЕ НАРУШЕНИЯ У ПАЦИЕНТОВ С ОБСТРУКТИВНЫМ АПНОЭ СНА</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>CARDIOVASCULAR AND METABOLIC IMPAIRMENT IN PATIENTS WITH OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNEA</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Горбунова</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gorbunova</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кафедра фтизиатрии и пульмонологии лечебного факультета</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mgorb@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бабак</surname><given-names>С. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Babak</surname><given-names>S. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кафедра фтизиатрии и пульмонологии лечебного факультета</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Малявин</surname><given-names>А. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Maliavin</surname><given-names>A. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кафедра фтизиатрии и пульмонологии лечебного факультета</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>МГМСУ им. А.И. Евдокимова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry named after A.I. Evdokimov</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>05</day><month>02</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>8</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>12</fpage><lpage>21</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Горбунова М.В., Бабак С.Л., Малявин А.Г., 2018</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Горбунова М.В., Бабак С.Л., Малявин А.Г.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Gorbunova M.V., Babak S.L., Maliavin A.G.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.medarhive.ru/jour/article/view/741">https://www.medarhive.ru/jour/article/view/741</self-uri><abstract><p>С момента, когда впервые была выявлена обструктивная природа апноэ сна, в многолетних исследованиях получено немало новой информации об этом заболевании. Именно  обструктивное апноэ сна (ОАС) признается независимым предиктором развития нарушения  толерантности к глюкозе (инсулин резистентность (ИР), гипергликемия натощак), сахарного  диабета 2 типа (CД2), резистентной артериальной гипертензии, преждевременной сердечно- сосудистой смерти. Проблема выявления и лечения пациентов с ОАС не теряет своей  актуальности. В реальной клинической практике существует необходимость комплексного  подхода к диагностике и терапии коморбидных больных ОАС с метаболическими  расстройствами и сердечно-сосудистыми заболеваниями.</p><p>Целью настоящего обзора является оценка клинико-патогенетических особенностей метаболических нарушений, углеводного  обмена, основного обмена, пищевого поведения, колебания веса тела у пациентов с  синдромом обструктивного апноэ сна.</p><sec><title>Методы</title><p>Методы. В нашей работе мы использовали  ретроспективный анализ опубликованных данных клинических исследований отечественных и зарубежных авторов за последние 20 лет. В обзор включались исследования, имеющие адекватный дизайн с позиций «добросовестной клинической практики» (GCP) и доказательной медицины.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Согласно современной трактовке обструктивное апноэ сна рассматривается  как самостоятельное заболевание, имеющее свои патогенетические механизмы,  клинические и функциональные проявления. Выделяют несколько основных причин  влияния ОАС на метаболический компонент и работу сердечно-сосудистой системы. Среди них лидируют интермиттирующая гипоксемия, эндотелиальная дисфункция, колебания внутригрудного давления, повышение активности симпатической нервной системы, нарушение структуры сна. ОАС рассматривается как болезнь, способная инвалидизировать пациентов трудоспособного возраста, резко менять качество жизни, приводить к ранней смертности по причине сердечно-сосудистых катастроф. Своевременное выявление клинических симптомов ОАС и стратегия раннего назначения СРАР-терапии существенно улучшают качество лечения и прогноз коморбидных больных.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Since the moment when the obstructive nature of sleep apnea was first revealed, many new in-formation on this disease have been obtained. Now obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) recognized as an  independent predictor of the development of impaired glucose  tolerance (insulin resistance, fasting hyperglycaemia), type 2  diabetes mellitus (DM2), resistant arterial hypertension, cardio- vascular death. The problem of identifying and treating patients with OSA is still actual. In real clinical practice, there is a need for an integrated approach to the diagnosis and therapy of comorbid OSA patients with metabolic impairment and cardiovascular  diseases.</p><p>The aim of this review is to assess the clinical and  pathogenesis features of metabolic impaired, carbohydrate metabolism, basic metabolism, eating behavior, body weight fluctuations in patients with ob-structive sleep apnea syndrome. </p><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Methods. In our work, we used a retrospective analysis of pub-lished clinical research data of domestic and foreign authors  over the past 20 years. The review included studies with adequate  design from the standpoint of «good clinical practice» (GCP) and  evidence-based medicine.</p></sec><sec><title>The conclusion</title><p>The conclusion. According to modern  interpretation, obstructive sleep apnea is considered as an  independent disease that has its pathogenic mechanisms, clinical  and functional manifestations. There are several main causes of the effect of OSA on the metabolic component and the work of the cardiovascular system. Among them, intermittent hypoxemia,  endothelial dysfunction, fluctuations in intrathoracic pressure,  increased activity of the sympathetic nervous system, disturbance of the structure of sleep are leading. OSA is considered as a disease capable of disabling patients of working age, dramatically changing  the quality of life, leading to early mortality due to cardiovascular  disasters. Timely detection of clinical symptoms of OSA and the  strategy of early administration of CPAP therapy significantly  improve the quality of treatment and prognosis of comorbid patients.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>обструктивное апноэ сна</kwd><kwd>углеводный обмен</kwd><kwd>основной обмен</kwd><kwd>пищевое поведение</kwd><kwd>ожирение</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>obstructive sleep apnea</kwd><kwd>carbohydrate metabolism</kwd><kwd>basic metabolism</kwd><kwd>eating behavior</kwd><kwd>obesity</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tasali, Leproult R., Ehrmann D.A., Van Cauter E. Slow-wave sleep and the risk of type 2 diabetes in humans. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2008; 105 (3): 1044–1049. 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