References

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Архивъ внутренней медицины

The Russian Archives of Internal Medicine

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“SINAPS” LLC

10.20514/2226-6704-2018-8-2-100-110

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Research Article

ОБЗОРНЫЕ СТАТЬИ

REVIEW ARTICLES

КОСТНОЕ РЕМОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕ В НОРМЕ И ПРИ ПЕРВИЧНОМ ОСТЕОПОРОЗЕ: ЗНАЧЕНИЕ МАРКЕРОВ КОСТНОГО РЕМОДЕЛИРОВАНИЯ

BONE REMODELING IN NORM AND IN PRIMARY OSTEOPOROSIS: THE SIGNIFICANCE OF BONE REMODELING MARKERS

Нуруллина

Г. М.

Nurullina

G. M.

dalllila@mail.ru

Ахмадуллина

Г. И.

Akhmadullina

G. I.

Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Ижевская государственная медицинская академия» Министерства здравоохранения Российской ФедерацииРоссияIzhevsk State Medical AcademyRussian Federation

2018

29032018

82100110

2018

Нуруллина Г.М., Ахмадуллина Г.И.

Nurullina G.M., Akhmadullina G.I.

Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

https://www.medarhive.ru/jour/article/view/766

Остеопороз — системное заболевание скелета, характеризующееся снижением костной массы и нарушением ее качества (микроархитекто- ники), что приводит к хрупкости костей, которая проявляется переломами при незначительной травме. Количество больных остеопорозом неуклонно увеличивается из-за старения общества. Остеопороз — чрезвычайно распространенное заболевание: в мире около 200 миллионов человек, страдающих остеопорозом, и приблизительно 8,9 миллионов переломов являются низкотравматичными. В России среди лиц в возрасте 50 лет и старше остеопороз выявляется у 34% женщин и 27% мужчин. Социальная значимость остеопороза определяется его последствиями — переломами костей периферического скелета и тел позвонков, что приводит к высоким материальным затратам в области здравоохранения и обусловливает высокий уровень нетрудоспособности, инвалидности и смертности. Нормальный физиологический процесс костного ремоделирования кости включает в себя баланс между резорбцией кости и костным формированием. При остеопорозе этот процесс становится несбалансированным, что приводит к постепенным потерям костной массы и плотности из-за усиленной костной резорбции и / или недостаточного костного формирования. Было идентифицировано несколько сигнальных путей, лежащих в основе первичного остеопороза — это остеопротегерин/рецептор ядерного фактора B (RANK)/ RANK лиганд (RANKL), костные морфогенные белки, канонический wnt-сигнальный путь. Кроме того, в развитии патогенеза остеопороза участвуют генетические нарушения. Для выявления остеопороза ВОЗ рекомендует применение двухэнергетической абсорбционной рентгеновской денситометрии, которая позволяет изучить количественные характеристики костной ткани. В настоящее время существуют различные методы оценки качественных характеристик кости (микроархитектоника, способность костной ткани быть устойчивой к перелому), однако эти методы имеют ограничения, такие как высокая стоимость и ограниченная доступность для их широкого использования. Изучение маркеров костного ремоделирования в норме и при патологии помогает косвенно оценить качество костной ткани, дает перспективы в подборе таргетной терапии и улучшения ранней диагностики остеопороза.

Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disease is characterized by low bone mass and microarchitectural deterioration of bone tissues, leading to bone fragility and low-energy The incidence of osteoporosis has risen because the life expectancy of the population has been increasing . Osteoporosis is an extremely common disease: osteoporosis affects more than 200million people worldwide and causes more than 8.9 million fractures. In Russia, among people aged 50 years and older, osteoporosis is diagnosed in 34% of women and 27% of men. The social significance of osteoporosis is determined by its consequences — fractures of the bones of the peripheral skeleton and vertebral fractures, leading to high material costs and causing a high level of disability and mortality. The normal physiological process of bone remodeling involves a balance between bone resorption and bone formation. In osteoporosis, this process becomes unbalanced, resulting in gradual losses of bone mass and density due to enhanced bone resorption and/or inadequate bone formation. Several signaling pathways underlying primary osteoporosis have been identified, such as the osteoprotegerin/ receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B (RANK)/RANK ligand(RANKL), bone morphogenetic proteins, canonical wnt-signaling pathway. In addition, genetic disorders are involved in the development of the pathogenesis of osteoporosis. To identify osteoporosis, WHO recommends the use of dualenergy X-ray absorptive densitometry, which allows you to study the quantitative characteristics of bone tissue. Currently, there are various methods for evaluation of the quality of bone (microarchitectonics, the ability of bone tissue to be resistant to fracture), but these methods have limitations such as high cost and limited availability for their widespread using. The study of markers of bone remodeling in norm and in pathology helps to assess the quality of bone tissue indirectly, gives prospects in the selection of targeted therapy and improvement of early diagnosis of osteoporosis.

остеопорозкостное ремоделированиемаркеры костного ремоделирования

osteoporosisbone remodelingbone turnover markers

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.