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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">avk</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Архивъ внутренней медицины</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The Russian Archives of Internal Medicine</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2226-6704</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2411-6564</issn><publisher><publisher-name>“SINAPS” LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.20514/2226-6704-2018-8-6-424-429</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">avk-850</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEW ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ПАТОГЕНЕЗ, СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ АСПЕКТЫ ПРОФИЛАКТИКИ И ТЕРАПИИ АНТИБИОТИК-АССОЦИИРОВАННОЙ ДИАРЕИ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>PATHOGENESIS, ACTUAL ASPECTS OF PREVENTION AND TREATMENT OF THE ANTIBIOTIC-ASSOCIATED DIARRHOEA</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шаповалова</surname><given-names>М. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shapovalova</surname><given-names>M. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кафедра факультетской терапии</p><p>Воронеж</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Chair of faculty therapy</p><p>Voronezh</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rishka79@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Будневский</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Budnevsky</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кафедра факультетской терапии</p><p>Воронеж</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Chair of faculty therapy</p><p>Voronezh</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кравченко</surname><given-names>А. Я.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kravchenko</surname><given-names>A. Ya.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кафедра факультетской терапии</p><p>Воронеж</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Chair of faculty therapy</p><p>Voronezh</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дробышева</surname><given-names>Е. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Drobysheva</surname><given-names>E. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кафедра факультетской терапии</p><p>Воронеж</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Chair of faculty therapy</p><p>Voronezh</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Овсянников</surname><given-names>Е. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ovsyannikov</surname><given-names>E. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кафедра факультетской терапии</p><p>Воронеж</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Chair of faculty therapy</p><p>Voronezh</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Воронежский государственный медицинский университет им. Н.Н. Бурденко» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>The Voronezh State Medical University named after N.N . Burdenko</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>02</day><month>12</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>8</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>424</fpage><lpage>429</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Шаповалова М.М., Будневский А.В., Кравченко А.Я., Дробышева Е.С., Овсянников Е.С., 2018</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Шаповалова М.М., Будневский А.В., Кравченко А.Я., Дробышева Е.С., Овсянников Е.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shapovalova M.M., Budnevsky A.V., Kravchenko A.Y., Drobysheva E.S., Ovsyannikov E.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.medarhive.ru/jour/article/view/850">https://www.medarhive.ru/jour/article/view/850</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье представлен обзор современной российской и зарубежной литературы, посвященной проблеме патогенеза, лечения и профилактики антибиотик-ассоциированной диареи. Антибиотик-ассоциированная диарея представляет собой один из наиболее актуальных аспектов современной фармакотерапии в связи с частым назначением антибактериальных препаратов. Под антибиотик-ассоциированной диареей (согласно ВОЗ) понимают наличие трех или более эпизодов неоформленного стула в течение двух или более последовательных дней, которые возникли во время или после окончания антибиотикотерапии. Риск развития этого расстройства наиболее высок при использовании аминопенициллинов, а также их комбинаций с клавулановой кислотой, цефалоспоринов, клиндамицина. Несмотря на наличие общего этиологического фактора — приема антибактериальных средств, непосредственные причины и механизмы развития антибиотик-ассоциированной диареи у пациентов могут быть различны. В статье рассматриваются основные вопросы этиологии и патогенеза этой патологии, названы факторы риска развития антибиотик-ассоциированной диареи, позволяющие прогнозировать это осложнение у определенных категорий пациентов. Подробно освещаются факторы вирулентности Clostridium difficile, Klebsiella oxytoca, Candida spp. и связанные с их воздействием клинические проявления. Описаны клинические варианты течения заболевания: 1) псевдомембранозный колит; 2) сегментарный геморрагический колит; 3) «mild illness». Представлены современные литературные данные о возможностях профилактики, а также эффективных методах лечения антибиотик-ассоциированной диареи. Для лечения и профилактики всех клинических форм ААД большинство авторов предлагают применение препаратов, восполняющих дефицит нормальной микробиоты кишечника — пробиотиков и пребиотиков. Вопрос о пользе параллельной терапии пробиотиками во время курса антибиотиков для профилактики антибиотик-ассоциированной диареи в определенной мере остается дискутабельным, изучается эффективность и безопасность применения различных пробиотических культур с этой целью. Информация, представленная в настоящем обзоре, призвана нацелить врачей на рациональное использование антибактериальных средств, а также на раннюю диагностику наиболее частого их побочного эффекта — антибиотик-ассоциированной диареи.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article provides an overview of current Russian and foreign literature devoted to the problem of pathogenesis, and of the treatment and prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhea. Antibiotic-associated diarrhea is one of the most relevant aspects of modern drug therapy in due to the frequent prescription of antibacterial agents. Antibiotic-associated diarrhea (according to WHO) is defined as the presence of three or more episodes of an unformed stool for two or more consecutive days that occurred during or after the end of antibiotic therapy. The risk of developing this disorder is highest when using aminopenicillins, as well as their combinations with clavulanic acid, cephalosporins, clindamycin. Despite the presence of a common etiologic factor — the intake of antibacterial agents, the immediate causes and mechanisms of antibiotic-associated diarrhea development in patients may be different. The article describes the main issues of the etiology and pathogenesis of this pathology, the risk factors for the development of antibiotic-associated diarrhea are named, that allows to predict this complication in certain categories of patients. Тhe virulence factors of Clostridium difficile, Klebsiella oxytoca, Candida spp. and the clinical manifestations associated with their effects are highlighted. The clinical variants of this disease are described: 1) pseudomembranous colitis; 2) segmental hemorrhagic colitis; 3) “mild illness”. Contemporary literature data on the possibilities of prevention, as well as effective methods of treatment of antibiotic-associated diarrhea, are presented. For the treatment and prevention of all clinical forms of antibiotic-associated diarrhea, most authors suggest the use of drugs that make up the deficiency of normal intestinal microbiota — probiotics and prebiotics. The problem of the benefits of adjuvant therapy with probiotics during the course of antibiotics for the prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhea remains controversial, the effectiveness and safety of the use of various probiotic cultures for this purpose is being studied. The information presented in this review is intended to target physicians to the rational use of antibacterial agents, and to early diagnosis of their most frequent side effect, antibiotic-associated diarrhea.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>антибиотик-ассоциированная диарея</kwd><kwd>псевдомембранозный колит</kwd><kwd>сегментарный геморрагический колит</kwd><kwd>кандидоз кишечника</kwd><kwd>пробиотики</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>antibiotic-associated diarrhea</kwd><kwd>pseudomembranous colitis</kwd><kwd>segmental hemorrhagic colitis</kwd><kwd>intestinal candidiasis</kwd><kwd>probiotics</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wistrоm J., Norrby S.R., Myhre E.B., Eriksonn S., Grandström G., Lagergren L. et al. Frequency of antibiotic associated diarrhoea in 2462 antibiotic treated hospitalized patients: a prospective study. 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