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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">avk</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Архивъ внутренней медицины</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The Russian Archives of Internal Medicine</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2226-6704</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2411-6564</issn><publisher><publisher-name>“SINAPS” LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.20514/2226-6704-2019-9-1-52-59</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">avk-883</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ЭФФЕКТЫ ДЛИТЕЛЬНОЙ ТЕРАПИИ ПОСТОЯННЫМ ПОЛОЖИТЕЛЬНЫМ ВОЗДУХОНОСНЫМ ДАВЛЕНИЕМ (СРАР-ТЕРАПИЯ) НА ЭПИКАРДИАЛЬНУЮ ЖИРОВУЮ ТКАНЬ И ЖЁСТКОСТЬ СОСУДОВ У ПАЦИЕНТОВ С ОБСТРУКТИВНЫМ АПНОЭ СНА И АРТЕРИАЛЬНОЙ ГИПЕРТЕНЗИЕЙ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>EFFECTS OF LONG-TERM CONTINUOUS POSITIVE AIRWAY PRESSURE THERAPY (CPAP) ON EPICARDIAL FAT THICKNESS AND ARTERIAL STIFFNESS IN PATIENTS WITH OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNEA AND HYPERTENSION</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Горбунова</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gorbunova</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>г. Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Department of phthisiology and pulmonology</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mgorb@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бабак</surname><given-names>С. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Babak</surname><given-names>S. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>г. Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Department of phthisiology and pulmonology</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Малявин</surname><given-names>А. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Malyavin</surname><given-names>A. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>г. Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Department of phthisiology and pulmonology</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Московский государственный медико-стоматологический университет им. А.И. Евдокимова»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry named after A.I. Evdokimov</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>12</day><month>02</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>9</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>52</fpage><lpage>59</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Горбунова М.В., Бабак С.Л., Малявин А.Г., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Горбунова М.В., Бабак С.Л., Малявин А.Г.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Gorbunova M.V., Babak S.L., Malyavin A.G.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.medarhive.ru/jour/article/view/883">https://www.medarhive.ru/jour/article/view/883</self-uri><abstract><p>Обструктивное апноэ сна тесно взаимосвязано с артериальной гипертензией, ожирением, нарушением углеводного обмена и дислипидемией. Однако эффекты терапии постоянным положительным воздухоносным давлением (от анг. Continuous Positive Airway Pressure или СРАР-терапии) по нормализации толщины эпикардиального жира у пациентов с обструктивным апноэ сна и артериальной гипертензией являются малопонятными и малоизученными.</p><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования: изучить 12-ти месячные эффекты длительной СРАР-терапии с функцией авто-адаптации к вдоху и выдоху пациента (A-Flex-терапия), на показатели толщины эпикардиальной жировой ткани у пациентов обструктивным апноэ сна с артериальной гипертензией и метаболическими нарушениями.</p></sec><sec><title>Методы</title><p>Методы: в одноцентровое проспективное исследование было включено 310 пациентов в возрастном интервале 35–75 лет (45,3 ± 10,4) с ночным храпом, метаболическими нарушениями, обструктивным апноэ сна, артериальной гипертензией и подобранным уровнем антигипертензивной и гиполипидемической терапии (273 мужчин  (88%) и 37 женщин (11,9)), подписавших информированное согласие, имевших индекс апноэ-гипопноэ (AHI) &gt; 5 соб./час. В ходе ночного полиграфического исследования определялись индекс апноэ-гипопноэ (AHI), индекс десатураций (ODI), средняя ночная сатурация (SpO 2 ) в соответствии с правилами и рекомендациями Американской Академии Медицины Сна. Расчёт толщины эпикардиального жира, размеров и объёмов полостей сердца, индекса массы миокарда левого желудочка, систолической и диастолической функций обоих желудочков проводился при трансторакальном эхокардиографическом исследовании в 2D- и М-режимах. Эндотелиальная функция сосудов оценивалась по качеству периферического артериального тонуса (PAT-сигнал), определяемого путём пальцевой пробы. Оптимальный уровень A-Flex-терапии титровался в домашних условиях. Оценивались AHI, степень воздушной утечки, среднее давление СРАР, податливость к терапии в соответствии с международными требованиями.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты: в группе пациентов с обструктивным апноэ сна лёгкого течения достоверные изменения липидного профиля, жёсткости сосудов, толщины эпикардиального жира происходят на 3 месяц СРАР-терапии: уменьшение HOMA-IR на -1,09 (95% Cl от -1,74 до -0,96; P=0,021), снижение AI на -10,8% (95% Cl от -13,70 до -4,6; P=0,001), уменьшение ТЭКЖ на -1,26 мм (95% Cl от -2,2 до -0,95; P=0,001). В группе пациентов среднетяжёлого обструктивного апноэ сна достоверные изменения указанных параметров наступают лишь к 6-му месяцу: уменьшение HOMA-IR на -2,81 (95% Cl от -3,74 до -1,46; P=0,001), снижение AI на -15,6% (95% Cl от -17,23 до -11,75; P=0,001), уменьшение ТЭКЖ на -2,15 мм (95% Cl от -3,2 до -1,5; P=0,001). Для пациентов ОАС тяжёлого течения восстановление липидного профиля, жёсткости сосудов, толщины эпикардиального жира возможно не ранее 12 месяца СРАР-терапии: уменьшение HOMA-IR на -4,22 (95% Cl от -5,36 до -2,35; P=0,001), снижение AI на -21,05 % (95% Cl от -26,5 до -17,4; P=0,001), уменьшение ТЭКЖ на -4,0 мм (95% Cl от -5,8 до -2,7; P=0,001). Кроме того, полученные данные хорошо согласуются с изменением клинической картины заболевания: исчезновением избыточной дневной сонливости, расширение двигательной активности, нормализацией ночного сна.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы: 12-ти месячная СРАР-терапия в режиме A-Flex у коморбидных пациентов с обструктивным апноэ сна среднетяжёлого и тяжёлого течения с артериальной гипертензией имеет достоверное терапевтическое действие по восстановлению липидного профиля, жёсткости сосудов, толщины эпикардиального жира и способна уменьшить риски кардиоваскулярных событий.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background: obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with high prevalence of arterial hypertension (AH), obesity, violation of carbohydrate metabolism and dyslipidemia. However, the effects of CPAP therapy to improve epicardial fat thickness of the OSA patient with AH the are poorly understood and poorly studied.</p></sec><sec><title>Study objective</title><p>Study objective: the aim of the study was to investigate 12-month effects of CPAP therapy with auto-adaptation to inhalation and exhalation of the OSA patient with AH and metabolic disorders (A-Flex therapy) on epicardial fat thickness (EFT).</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Methods: to the prospective single-center study were included 310 patients with OSA and AH (273 male, 45,3 ± 10,4 yr.) with apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) &gt;5 events /hour. The night polygraphy study (PG) was performed to calculate AHI, oxygen desaturation index (ODI), mean nocturnal saturation (SpO 2 ) by the rules of American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM). The calculation of the epicardial fat thickness (EFT), the size and volume of the heart cavities, left ventricular mass index (LVMI) were performed by two-dimensional echocardiography. Endothelial functionof blood vessels determined by finger test was measured according to peripheral arterial tone (PAT). The reactive hyperemia index (RHI) and augmentation index (AI) was calculated. Optimal level of A-Flex therapy was adjusted at home. AHI, the level of air leakage, average pressure and compliance to CPAP treatment were established in accordance with international requirements.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results: after 3 months of A-Flex therapy we found a significant decrease of HOMA-IR -1,09 (95% Cl from -1,74 to -0,96; P=0,021), decrease AI -10.8% (95% Cl from -13,70 to -4.6; P=0,001), decrease EFT -1,26 mm (95% Cl from -2,2 to -0,95; P=0,001) in mild OSA patients. After 6 months of A-Flex therapy we found a significant decrease of HOMAIR -2,81 (95% Cl from -3,74 to -1,46; P=0,001), decrease AI -15.6 % (95% Cl from -17,23 to -11,75; P=0,001), decrease EFT -2,15mm (95% Cl from -3,2 to -1,5; P=0,001) in moderate OSA patients. After 12 months of A-Flex therapy we found a significant decrease of HOMA-IR -4,22 (95% Cl from -5,36 to -2,35; P=0,001), decrease AI -21,05 % (95% Cl from -26,5 to -17,4; P=0,001), decrease EFT -4,0 mm (95% Cl from-5,8 to -2,7; P=0,001) in severe OSA patients.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions: The 12-month A-Flex therapy in moderate and severe OSA patients with AH has a significant therapeutic effect of stabilization systolic and diastolic blood pressure, level of blood lipids and epicardial fat thickness, level of endothelial dysfunction. The 12-month A-Flex therapy has to able to reduce the risks of cardiovascular events in moderate and severe OSA patients with acute metabolic manifestations.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>толщина эпикардиального жира</kwd><kwd>обструктивное апноэ сна</kwd><kwd>метаболические нарушения</kwd><kwd>сосудистая жёсткость</kwd><kwd>артериальная гипертензия</kwd><kwd>CPAP терапия</kwd><kwd>A-Flex-терапия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>epicardial fat thickness</kwd><kwd>obstructive sleep apnea</kwd><kwd>metabolic disorders</kwd><kwd>arterial hypertension</kwd><kwd>CPAP therapy</kwd><kwd>A-Flex therapy</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lombardi C1, Tobaldini E, Montano N, Losurdo A, Parati G. Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSAS) and Cardiovascular System. 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