Features of Body Composition in Centenarians with Coronary Artery Disease

Purpose. To investigate the body composition in patients over 90 years old (long-livers) with coronary artery disease (CAD), and analyzed the relationships between the fat and lean tissues, as well as bone mineral density. Material and Methods. A cross-sectional study of 200 patients over 90 years old (140 men and 160 women, mean age 92,4±2,3 года) who were hospitalized with a diagnosis of CAD was conducted. The body composition was analyzed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Results. Overweight or obesity were diagnosed in 139 (69.5%) patients. The musculoskeletal index remained within normal values in 145 (72.5%) patients and was below normal in 55 (27.5%) patients. Decrease of total BMD (T-score) below -2.5SD was detected in 81 (40,5%), and normal total T-score — in 60 (30.0%) patients. The smallest values of BMD were found in the ribs, the largest — in the spine and in lower extremities. A positive correlation was registered between body mass index and bone mineral density in all areas of the skeleton (p <0.0001). A significant positive correlation was found between BMD and the fat mass in all parts of the body, especially significant between BMD of the ribs and the trunk adipose tissue (r = 0.85; p <0.0001). A positive correlation has been established between the lean mass and BMD; the most significant between the BMD and the lean mass in the upper extremities (r = 0.69; p <0.0001). A negative correlation was found between the fat and lean mass; the most significant between lean and adipose tissue in the lower extremities (r = -0.46; p <0.0001). Conclusion. The study results indicate some features of body composition in long-livers. The proportion of overweight patients with normal indices of BMD and lean mass was relatively high. Significant relationships between the bone, adipose and lean tissues were confirmed.

body composition, muscle mass, bone mineral density, adipose tissue, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, centenarians

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