Биомаркеры развития нежелательных сердечно-сосудистых событий при заболеваниях почек

В обзоре представлена информация по анализу научно-исследовательских сведений в отечественных и международных источниках литературы о факторах риска и биомаркерах развития неблагоприятных сердечно-сосудистых событий у пациентов с хронической болезнью почек и острым повреждением почек. Исследования биомаркеров имеют важное значение, особенно на ранних стадиях хронической болезни почек, когда профилактические и лечебные мероприятия работают более эффективно. В обзоре рассматриваются такие предикторы сердечно-сосудистых событий при хронической болезни почек как биомаркеры: окислительного стресса (малоновый диальдегид, ишемически-модифицированный альбумин; супероксид дисмутаза), воспаления (интерлейкин-6, интерлейкин-18), острого повреждения почек (молекула повреждения почек 1; нейтрофильный желатиназа-ассоциированный липокалин), кардиоспецифические биомаркеры (высокочувствительный тропонин) и циркулирующие микрорибонуклеиновые кислоты: 133а и 21, а также обсуждаются перспективы дальнейшего изучения биомаркеров. Отдельный акцент сделан на необходимости установления пороговых значений для различных биомаркеров при хронической болезни почек в зависимости от степени снижения функции почек, что позволит эффективно использовать эти показатели в клинической практике сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний, поскольку обычные референсные значения, используемые в общей популяции, будут выше при заболеваниях почек. В настоящее время известны референсные значения для тропонина и натрийуретических пептидов, которые в популяции с хронической болезни почек не достаточно изучены, по сравнению с общей популяцией.

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