Modern Approaches to the Management of Patients with Hyperkaliemia
https://doi.org/10.20514/2226-6704-2022-12-1-5-21
Abstract
Hyperkalemia is the most common electrolyte imbalance in clinical practice. Hyperkalemia can be caused by an increased intake of potassium into the body, the shift of potassium out of cells or an abnormal renal potassium excretion. This condition is associated with a high risk of death from arrhythmias; therefore, even a slight deviation of the serum potassium level from the norm requires immediate correction. Modern approaches to the treatment of hyperkalemia include the elimination of predictors and the potassium-lowering drugs. Although inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system are currently the best cardionephroprotective drugs, their administration can lead to hyperkalemia too, especially in heart failure, chronic kidney disease and diabetes mellitus. The article discusses in detail the physiology of potassium metabolism, possible predictors, prevention and treatment of hyperkalemia.
Keywords
hyperkalemia,
potassium,
ECG,
acute kidney injury,
chronic kidney disease,
renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system inhibitors
Supporting agencies: The author is grateful to V. A. Lazarev. for help in preparing the article.
About the Authors
E. V. Reznik
Russian National Research Medical University (RNRMU) n.a. N. I. Pirogov; City Clinical Hospital n.a. V. M. Buyanov of Healthcare Department of Moscow; City Clinical Hospital № 31 of Healthcare Department of Moscow
Russian Federation
Competing Interests:
Russian Federation
Elena V. Reznik
Moscow
Competing Interests:
The authors declare no conflict of interests.
A. I. Selivanov
Russian National Research Medical University (RNRMU) n.a. N. I. Pirogov; City Clinical Hospital n.a. V. M. Buyanov of Healthcare Department of Moscow
Russian Federation
Competing Interests:
Russian Federation
Moscow
Competing Interests:
The authors declare no conflict of interests.
A. R. Lutsenko
Russian National Research Medical University (RNRMU) n.a. N. I. Pirogov
Russian Federation
Competing Interests:
Russian Federation
Moscow
Competing Interests:
The authors declare no conflict of interests.
L. A. Garanina
City Clinical Hospital n.a. V. M. Buyanov of Healthcare Department of Moscow
Russian Federation
Competing Interests:
Russian Federation
Moscow
Competing Interests:
The authors declare no conflict of interests.
G. N. Golukhov
Russian National Research Medical University (RNRMU) n.a. N. I. Pirogov; City Clinical Hospital № 31 of Healthcare Department of Moscow
Russian Federation
Competing Interests:
Russian Federation
Moscow
Competing Interests:
The authors declare no conflict of interests.
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For citations:
Reznik E.V., Selivanov A.I., Lutsenko A.R., Garanina L.A., Golukhov G.N. Modern Approaches to the Management of Patients with Hyperkaliemia. The Russian Archives of Internal Medicine. 2022;12(1):5-21. https://doi.org/10.20514/2226-6704-2022-12-1-5-21
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