Особенности клинического течения, дифференциальной диагностики и лечения IgG4-склерозирующего холангита
https://doi.org/10.20514/2226-6704-2024-14-2-96-107
Аннотация
Цель обзора: представить современный взгляд на особенности клинического течения, дифференциальной диагностики и лечения IgG4-склерозирующего холангита.
Основные положения. IgG4-склерозирующих холангит — фиброзно-воспалительное заболевание, при котором поражаются внутрипеченочные и внепеченочные желчные протоки. Проявления IgG4-склерозирующего холангита схожи с изменениями при первичном склерозирующем холангите, опухолях желчных протоков и поджелудочной железы, в связи с чем, более трети пациентов с IgG4-склерозирующим холангитом подвергаются оперативным вмешательствам. На данный момент отсутствуют специфичные и чувствительные методы диагностики данного заболевания. Повышение уровня сывороточного IgG4 наблюдается при многих других заболеваниях. Четырёхкратное повышение IgG4 в сыворотке крови является более надежным маркером для диагностики IgG4-склерозирующего холангита, однако такое значение наблюдается лишь у небольшой доли пациентов. При визуализации желчных протоков выявляются сегментарные или протяженные стриктуры с престенотическим расширением и утолщением стенок. Глюкокортикостероиды остаются первой линией терапии для индукции и поддержания ремиссии заболевания. Рецидив наблюдается более чем у половины пациентов. Некоторые исследования также указывают на повышенный риск развития злокачественных опухолей. В данном обзоре освещены клинические и лабораторно-инструментальные проявления IgG4-склерозирующего холангита, проведена сравнительная характеристика с первичным склерозирующим холангитом и холангиокарциномой, а также представлены возможности терапии, прогноз и исходы заболевания.
Заключение. IgG4-склерозирующий холангит — редкое и сложно диагностируемое заболевание, требующее проведения тщательной дифференциальной диагностики с первичным склерозирующим холангитом, раком желчных протоков и поджелудочной железы. Несмотря на относительно благоприятное течение и эффективность глюкокортикостероидов, заболевание часто рецидивирует и имеет неизвестный долгосрочный прогноз. Особое внимание уделяется риску развития злокачественных новообразований у данной группы пациентов, что подчеркивает необходимость пожизненного наблюдения за пациентами.
Об авторах
А. К. ГусеваРоссия
Анна Константиновна Гусева
Конфликт интересов:
Авторы заявляют, что данная работа, её тема, предмет и содержание не затрагивают конкурирующих интересов
А. В. Охлобыстин
Россия
Москва
Конфликт интересов:
Авторы заявляют, что данная работа, её тема, предмет и содержание не затрагивают конкурирующих интересов
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Рецензия
Для цитирования:
Гусева А.К., Охлобыстин А.В. Особенности клинического течения, дифференциальной диагностики и лечения IgG4-склерозирующего холангита. Архивъ внутренней медицины. 2024;14(2):96-107. https://doi.org/10.20514/2226-6704-2024-14-2-96-107
For citation:
Guseva A.K., Okhlobystin A.V. Clinical Features, Differential Diagnosis and Treatment of IgG4-Related Sclerosing Cholangitis. The Russian Archives of Internal Medicine. 2024;14(2):96-107. https://doi.org/10.20514/2226-6704-2024-14-2-96-107