Chronic cerebrovascular attack (CCVA) is a brain lesion caused by vascular factors. CCVA appears as cognitive impairments (CI), affective (emotional) disorders and focal syndromes. Treatment for CCVA requires a comprehensive approach. Combination effective therapy for CCVA involves secondary prevention of stroke and CI; treatment of CI; treatment of depression and other affective disorders; neuroprotective therapy. Basic therapy for CCVA includes modification of risk factors, antihypertensive, hypolipidemic, and antithrombotic therapies. Central acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (galantamine, rivastigmine, donepezil) and a reversible NMDA receptor blocker (memantine) are symptomatically used at a stage of vascular and mixed dementia. There are no unique guidelines for the therapy of mild and moderate vascular nondementia-related CI. Drug use, based on the neurochemical mechanisms underlying the development of vascular CI, is substantiated. When choosing psychotropic agents, it is necessary to take into account the causes and clinical manifestations of neuromediator deficiency. Antidepressants are used as essential drugs. Neuroleptics and tranquilizers are additionally administered in complex-pattern syndromes, such as depression with marked anxiety. Prescription of neuroprotectors may be effective in treating both stroke and CCVA. These medicaments are most effective when a damaging factor acts, i.e. neuroprotectors should be given in a risk situation and to reduce damage. Citicoline is one of the most test drugs in a group of neuroprotectors.

The first review of endocarditis following solid organ transplantation was published in 1989. At present time infective endocarditis is a known complication of cardiac transplantation. However, published information has been limited. There are practically no materials with a description of infective endocarditis following ortotopic heart transplantation in our literature. The authors of this article describe one case caused by Staphylococcus aureus.

Pulmonary embolism (PE) is the most frequent unrecognized cause of death of hospitalized patients. Mortality is about 30 %, which determines the relevance of the topic. Accurate statistics regarding the prevalence of PE in Russia does not exist. The exact number of nonfatal asymptomic PE is unknown. In most cases PE is a complication of deep venous thrombosis of the lower extremities and occurs not only in patients of cardiological profile. The article considers the ways of drug therapy and clinical examples.

A study of quality of life in patients with rheumatoid arthritis development of varying degrees of violations of the microflora of the large intestine and found that the development of disorders of the intestinal microflora is accompanied by a significant change in the quality of life of patients. In patients with varying degrees of violations of microbial gut microbiota observed decline in physical and psychological components of health. The lowest values of quality of life in patients fitted with the II degree of microbiological violations microbiota of the large intestine.

Surveyed 200 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in the age from 40 to 65 years. The main purpose of the work was the study of them features state of the vessels of the capacitive level of the circulatory system using the methods of plethysmography and dopplerography. The study presents the characteristics of structural and functional changes in the venous system in patients with RA. It was also noted that vein blood-flow in RA largely depends on the clinical characteristics of the arthritis, presence of concomitant arterial hypertension and structural changes of the venous wall.

Cognitive impairment in elderly patients with diabetes is an important medical and social problem. The article covers aspects of pathogenesis and treatment approaches of cognitive impairment and diabetes mellitus; in particular Actovegin as a treatment option for correction of cognitive status in diabetic patients.

Review is devoted to the role of vitamins B6 (pyridoxine), B9 (folic acid) and B12 (cyanocobalamin) in homocysteine metabolism as well as the effects of this vitamin complex for prophylaxis and treatment of hyperhomocysteinemia in cardiological, and neurological and obstetric practice. Unreasonableness of isolate folic acid usage without vitamins B6 and B12 to reduce homocysteine plasma levels and clinical consequences of such approach are noted. It is shown that parenteral administration of vitamin B complex (5 mg B6 + 1,05 mg B9 + 1,0 mg B12) is preferable in some clinical cases.

In order to study the relationship between the parameters of heart rate variability and diastolic left ventricular function was examined 51 patients with chronic prostatitis. All patients underwent echocardiography, were studied parameters of heart rate variability. Found that the most informative method of diagnosis of diastolic dysfunction of the left ventricle in patients with chronic prostatitis is a myocardial doppler echocardiography and violation the most indicators dynamics of blood circulation registered in the group of patients with impaired relaxation of the left ventricle. The most significant reduction in key indicators of heart rate variability occurs in patients with left ventricular diastolic dysfunction.

The article deals with the metabolic syndrome problem. The article deals with the results of studying the immune status of patients with the metabolic syndrome: cytokines level, the main classes of immunoglobulins, antibodies to β-cell of pancreas in serum of blood and their interrelation with violation of a carbohydrate exchange.

In this review of literature a question of influence of the combined course of chronic bronchial obstructive pathology and arterial hypertension in the development of renal dysfunction is presented. The main links of a pathogenesis of the combined course of chronic bronchial obstructive pathology and arterial hypertension, bringing to development of renal dysfunction are opened. Studying of features of the combined current of above-mentioned conditions will be a basis for development of more effective programs of prevention and therapy of cardiovascular and renal pathology, and, therefore, will allow lowering an invalidization, to increase quality of life and to increase its duration.

A case report is given of a pregnant young woman with non-specific aortoarteritis (NAA) and reccurent herpes. The correlation was revealed between the pregnancy and manifestation of NAA. Possibility of evolution of herpes in pregnant into systemic autoimmune process was demonstrated. Until unknown debut of NAA was presented.

Hepatocellular carcinoma is 95% of the total malignant liver tumors. Total 318 patients with chronic delta infection, indigenous inhabitants of the Republic of Tyva, were examined. 121 patients were observed in dynamic (2009–2012). CHD was diagnosed in 77.4% (246/318) cases, LCD — in 22.6% (72/318) cases. Progression of CHD in LCD was showed in 10.7% (13/121), decompensation of LC — in 14% (17/121) and development of HCC — in 6.6% (8/121) patients, observed in 2009–2012. All patients with HCC were young working age (43.5 ± 8.4 years). The diagnosis of HCC was estimated in all patients on late stage when there are multiple lesions in the liver (by ultrasound data and CT). Replication of hepatitis viruses were estimated in 4 of 8 HCC cases: HDV RNA was detected in 2 patients, HBV DNA — in 1 patient, replication of both viruses (HBV DNA + HDV RNA) —  in 1 person. One patient with HCC and confirmed replication of HBV, HDV died due to bleeding from varicose veins in the esophagus and stomach.

Conclusion. HCC in the outcome of CHD are formed in minority patients due to rapid disease progression, development of LC decompensation and its complications (coma, bleeding) with a high frequency of deaths.

The features of the electrical and viscoelastic parameters of red blood cells obtained by dielectrophoresis in patients with chronic hepatitis B in depending on the level of viral load were investigated. It has been found that the summerized rigidity, viscosity, conductivity, index of aggregation and destruction, the relative polarizability significantly increased and polarizability at all frequencies, the velocity of cells to the electrodes, electric capacitance of membranes — decreased as ascending viremia. A marked change in the parameters of red blood cells in patients with high viral load, likely, reflects the expressed degree of disadaptation of erythrocytes. Correlation of electrical and viscoelastic parameters erythrocytes with the biochemical indices reflecting the level of dysproteinemia, cytolysis, immune-inflammatory syndrome have been installed. The data obtained allow us to supplement understanding of the pathogenesis of systemic manifestations of virus hepatitis B and association of high viral load with a significant change in the viscoelastic and electrical properties of red blood cells.