Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: definition, epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical picture (GOLD 2013). Vatutin M.T., Smyrnova G.S., Taradin G.G. The represented translation of the new international guidelines (GOLD 2013) reflected the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical picture and treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

The review analyzes the current understanding of the mechanisms of formation of liver fibrosis in chronic diffuse liver diseases. The urgency and importance of the clinical evaluation of the degree of fibrosis, are shown methods of early diagnosis of liver fibrosis and its progression are offered. The modern principles of treatment of chronic hepatitis of various etiologies based on numerous clinical and experimental studies described in domestic and foreign literature are presented. Detailed description of the main directions of comprehensive treatment program with the main characteristic of causal agents and pathogenetic therapy, the aim of which is to correct the universal units of liver fibrogenesis is shown. Reversibility of liver fibrosis at an effective antiviral therapy for patients with chronic viral hepatitis is convincinglu presented. At present time Further study of clinical and immunological aspects of fibrogenesis in chronic diffuse liver diseases for the improvement of anti-fibrotic therapy remains relevant.

An article aims to generalize data on Lyme disease’s natural nidality and it’s causative agents ecology, spectrum of carriers and reservoir hosts, mechanisms and routes. Clinical aspects, diagnosis, core principles of Borrelia diseases treatment are discussed in the paper. Once “tick-born disease” activator found in the mite’s body, the study describes immediate preventive measures with the usage of medication. Borrelia miyamotoi is been studied over the last years, as well as pathogenic diseases caused by it. Full Ixodic Lyme Disease diagnosis includes dynamic study of IgM and IgG antibodies, Immunochip and PCR. The article shows case history of a patient with erythematous Lyme disease and full disease’s management.

The data on the incidence, clinical presentation, diagnostic methods amyloidosis of the heart in different types of amyloidosis. The features of the current heart amyloidosis, highlights the difficulty of diagnosis and differential diagnosis in the elderly. As an illustration, describes a clinical case of amyloidosis of the heart in 83-year-old patient, the main manifestation of which was congestive heart failure.

Acute mesenteric occlusions and acute bowel infarction were described in the middle of the nineteenth century. In spite of the achievements of modern medicine acute mesenteric ischemia is still one of the most dangerous pathologies in emergency surgery. This survey covers the historical periods of research of certain aspects of acute infarction of mesenteric circulation, which shaped our modern perception of this disease.

The aim of the study is to evaluate the efficacy of complex therapy of secondary osteoarthritis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis with the use of inhibitor of interleukin-1, including the dynamics of inflammatory markers.

Materials and methods: 248 patients with secondary osteoarthritis in rheumatoid arthritis were involved in the trial. The participants were divided into 4 groups: patients of group I took inhibitor of interleukin-1 (diacerein) in combination with laser therapy and methotrexate; inhibitor of interleukin-1 in complex with methotrexate took patients from group II; group 3 — laser therapy + methotrexate and patients of group IV took only methotrexate. The efficacy of therapy we estimated in 6 months.

Results: The constructed model surfaces indicated the decreased levels of IL-1, COMP and DAS 28 in group 1 till 6,68±0,37 pg/ml (p<0,001), 16,92±0,8 ng/ml х 10² (p<0,001) и 2,06±1,19 (p<0,05) accordingly in comparison with groups III and IV. Also the model surfaces revealed the interdependency of all these indicators. The control group (IV) reacted to the treatment by decreasing the indicators as well. However, the dynamics of the changes was significantly less. In patients of groups I and II the levels of ESR and CRP decreased to 13,95±0,52* (*p<0,001) and 10,97±0,43* (*p<0,001); 16,53±0,63* (*p<0,001) and 12,81±0,77* (*p<0,001) accordingly.

Conclusions: In comparison analysis we noted statistical significant advantages (p<0,01) of the use of diacerein with methotrexate regarding the dynamic of IL-1 and COMP, ESR, CRP in patient’s serum, which is accompanied by the reduction of basic disease activity on DAS 28.

Purpose of the study. To study lipid metabolism in chronic hepatitis C and to assess its impact on the formation of insulin resistance, steatosis and progression of liver fibrosis.

Materials and methods. The study included 205 patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC). Conducts research, depending on the genotype C, viral load and body mass index (BMI) of the patients.

Results. CHC patients revealed a combined hyperlipoproteinemia on the background of op-pression synthesis of apolipoproteins A1 and B. Formation of hepatic steatosis was associated with HCV genotype 3 virus-induced viral load at ≥ 6 log10 IU/ml and metabolic in VL < 6 log10 IU/ml. In patients with chronic hepatitis C genotype 1, high viral load leads to inhibition of protein synthesis conveyor ApoA1 and increased synthesis of cholesterol, accompanied by abdominal obesity and the formation of insulin resistance. CHC patients with BMI < 25 kg/m2 viral load ≥ 6 log10 ME/ml was associated with dyslipidemia IV type on D. Fredriskson (1970), hyperglycemia, insulin resistance and diabetes. The advanced stage of liver fi brosis (F ≥ 3 on a scale METAVIR) and non-response to treatment were associated with a decrease in HDL cholesterol below normal. With an increase in viral load > 5 log10 ME/ml signifi cantly increased the risk of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism.

In the work identified clinical and immunological characteristics of the course of ARVI patients with atopy and assessed the clinical efficacy of transfer factor in patients with severe immune deficiency. Emphasized the role of respiratory infections as the most important triggers of exacerbations of atopy and causes more severe and prolonged course. Describes the mechanisms of how respiratory viruses potentiate chronic inflammation and remodeling of the airways. The role of the causative agents of ARVI in patients with atopy deserve more practical attention towards and optimization of therapy.

Systemic lupus erythematosus — a chronic autoimmune disease that is often associated with infectious processes. The paper presents two clinical cases of systemic lupus erythematosus , debuted with acute respiratory infection.

We give a case report of idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) in a male patient with cancer of kidney. The hypothesis of pathogenetic link between these diseases was made. The cause of pulmonary hypertension could be cancer with ectopic production  of biologic active substances, growth factors in combination with the susceptibility to develop PAH in poor gene penetrance.

The article is devoted to the up-to-date data of the drug-induced liver diseases (DILD) problem and series of the clinical monitoring accomplished by the author. It contains the DILD risk factors, the main mechanisms and the clinical variants of the liver injuries and the main DILD diagnostics and treatment principles.

Type 2 diabetes is one of the most important social diseases. Improving the quality of life for patients with diabetes is one of the expected outcomes of the implementation of programs designed to optimize the organization of diabetes care to patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Evaluation of its effectiveness is carried out based on population and quality of life. Quality of life in patients is largely dependent on the patient’s place of residence (urban or rural). This article presents data on the quality of life of patients with type 2 diabetes according to sex and age living in rural areas.

На состоявшейся 29 октября 2015 г. в Москве межвузовской научно-практической конференции «Актуальные проблемы психиатрии: современные модели и методы диагностики и терапии психических расстройств», проводившейся под эгидой Российского общества психиатров и Департамента труда и социальной защиты населения г. Москвы, и организованной уже в 4-ый раз Кафедрой психиатрии, психотерапии и психосоматической патологии факультета повышения квалификации медицинских работников Медицинского института РУДН, обсуждались стратегии и результаты системного подхода к реорганизации психиатрической помощи в Российской Федерации.